refactor(topics): 멀티 에이전트용 지식 재편 — _Common(공통 기본기) + Domain_* 구조

에이전트 8종(대화형/프로그래머 C·S/디자이너/설계자/기획자/QA/PD/PM)에게
[공통 기본 능력 + 롤별 Specialty] 2층으로 지식을 주입하기 위한 재분류.
문서 내용·포맷은 무수정, 폴더 이동만 (6,372개 문서 수 보존 확인).

- Topic_Programming → Domain_Programming (내부 구조 보존)
- Topic_Graphic → Domain_Design
- Topic_Business → Domain_Product
- Topic_General → Domain_General
- _Common 신설: Math(구 Topic_Math_Specialty), Reasoning(구 General/From_Thinking & Reasoning),
  Reasoning_Creativity(구 General/From_창의성), Communication(Poetic_Blog_Writing + From_writing)
- 타 도메인의 From_* 폴더는 유지 (출처 표기일 뿐, 이미 도메인에 맞게 분류된 문서)
- 빈 폴더 정리 (memory/procedures)
- 에이전트→폴더 매핑은 workspace의 .astra/agent-knowledge-map.json (9개 에이전트)

Co-Authored-By: Claude Fable 5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
This commit is contained in:
Antigravity Agent
2026-07-11 11:05:56 +09:00
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---
id: wiki-2026-0508-blockchain
title: Blockchain
category: 10_Wiki/Topics
status: verified
canonical_id: self
aliases: [블록체인, distributed ledger, smart contract, Ethereum, Bitcoin, web3, ZK proof, rollup]
duplicate_of: none
source_trust_level: A
confidence_score: 0.9
verification_status: applied
tags: [blockchain, ethereum, bitcoin, smart-contract, web3, zk-rollup, defi, nft, ai-blockchain]
raw_sources: []
last_reinforced: 2026-05-10
github_commit: pending
tech_stack:
language: Solidity / Rust
framework: Ethereum / Solana / Cosmos
---
# Blockchain
## 📌 한 줄 통찰
> **"매 신뢰 의 technical implementation"**. 매 central authority X — 매 distributed + 매 cryptographic verification. 매 currency 의 base. 매 smart contract → 매 programmable trust. 매 modern: 매 ZK rollup + AI provenance.
## 📖 핵심
### 매 핵심 mechanism
1. **Decentralization**: 매 single server X.
2. **Immutability**: 매 hash chain 의 변경 의 X.
3. **Consensus**: 매 누가 매 next block.
4. **Cryptographic verification**: 매 transaction 의 sign.
5. **Transparency**: 매 public ledger.
### Consensus algorithm
| Algorithm | 매 사용 |
|---|---|
| Proof of Work (PoW) | Bitcoin, 매 energy ↑ |
| Proof of Stake (PoS) | Ethereum 2.0, 매 energy ↓ |
| Delegated PoS (DPoS) | EOS, Tron |
| Proof of Authority (PoA) | private chain |
| BFT (PBFT, Tendermint) | Cosmos, Hyperledger |
| Avalanche | Avalanche L1 |
### 매 evolution
1. **Bitcoin** (2009): 매 digital currency.
2. **Ethereum** (2015): 매 smart contract.
3. **L2 / Rollup** (2021+): 매 scale.
4. **ZK Rollup** (2023+): 매 zero-knowledge.
5. **Modular** (2024+): 매 Celestia 등 의 specialization.
### 매 stack (Ethereum)
- **L1**: Ethereum mainnet.
- **L2 Optimistic**: Arbitrum, Optimism, Base.
- **L2 ZK**: zkSync, StarkNet, Polygon zkEVM, Scroll.
- **L3**: app-specific rollup.
- **Bridge**: 매 cross-chain.
- **Oracle**: Chainlink, Pyth.
### 매 EVM 대 alternative
- **EVM** (Solidity): 매 dominant.
- **Solana** (Rust + Sealevel): 매 high TPS.
- **Aptos / Sui** (Move): 매 secure 모음.
- **Cosmos** (Tendermint): 매 sovereignty.
- **Near**: 매 sharded.
### 매 application
- **DeFi**: lending, DEX (Uniswap), derivatives.
- **NFT**: art, gaming, identity.
- **DAO**: governance.
- **Stablecoin**: USDC, USDT, DAI.
- **Gaming**: 매 ownership.
- **Identity**: 매 self-sovereign.
- **Provenance**: 매 supply chain, art.
### AI × Blockchain
1. **Provenance**: 매 training data 의 source.
2. **Royalty**: 매 contributor 의 보상.
3. **Decentralized inference**: 매 Bittensor.
4. **Compute marketplace**: 매 Render, Akash.
5. **AI agent payment**: 매 X402, 매 micropayment.
6. **Verifiable inference** (ZK-ML): 매 proof.
### 매 modern issue
1. **Energy** (PoW): 매 Bitcoin 의 GW-scale.
2. **Scaling**: 매 L1 의 limit.
3. **UX**: 매 wallet, 매 gas, 매 seed phrase.
4. **Regulation**: 매 SEC vs CFTC, 매 EU MiCA.
5. **Hack**: 매 매 year 의 Billion-scale theft.
6. **Speculation**: 매 utility ≠ 매 price.
### 매 ZK proof (modern)
- **zk-SNARK** (Groth16, Plonk): 매 succinct.
- **zk-STARK**: 매 transparent (no trusted setup), 매 post-quantum.
- 매 응용: 매 rollup, 매 privacy, 매 ML inference verify.
## 💻 패턴
### Solidity (smart contract)
```solidity
// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
pragma solidity ^0.8.20;
contract SimpleStorage {
uint256 private value;
address public owner;
event ValueChanged(uint256 newValue, address indexed setter);
constructor() {
owner = msg.sender;
}
modifier onlyOwner() {
require(msg.sender == owner, "Not owner");
_;
}
function set(uint256 _value) external onlyOwner {
value = _value;
emit ValueChanged(_value, msg.sender);
}
function get() external view returns (uint256) {
return value;
}
}
```
### Hardhat (Ethereum dev)
```js
// hardhat.config.js
module.exports = {
solidity: '0.8.20',
networks: {
sepolia: { url: process.env.SEPOLIA_RPC, accounts: [process.env.PRIVATE_KEY] },
mainnet: { url: process.env.MAINNET_RPC, accounts: [process.env.PRIVATE_KEY] },
},
};
// scripts/deploy.js
const hre = require('hardhat');
async function main() {
const Storage = await hre.ethers.getContractFactory('SimpleStorage');
const storage = await Storage.deploy();
await storage.waitForDeployment();
console.log('Deployed to:', await storage.getAddress());
}
main().catch(console.error);
```
### viem (frontend interaction)
```ts
import { createPublicClient, createWalletClient, http, parseAbi } from 'viem';
import { mainnet } from 'viem/chains';
const client = createPublicClient({ chain: mainnet, transport: http() });
const abi = parseAbi(['function get() view returns (uint256)']);
const value = await client.readContract({
address: '0x...',
abi,
functionName: 'get',
});
```
### NFT (ERC-721)
```solidity
import "@openzeppelin/contracts/token/ERC721/ERC721.sol";
contract MyNFT is ERC721 {
uint256 public nextTokenId;
constructor() ERC721("MyNFT", "MNFT") {}
function mint(address to) external {
_safeMint(to, nextTokenId++);
}
function tokenURI(uint256 tokenId) public view override returns (string memory) {
return string(abi.encodePacked('ipfs://my-cid/', _toString(tokenId), '.json'));
}
}
```
### DAO governance (Snapshot)
```ts
// 매 token holder 의 vote
const proposal = {
title: 'Increase treasury allocation',
choices: ['For', 'Against', 'Abstain'],
start: Date.now(),
end: Date.now() + 7 * 86400 * 1000,
snapshot: latestBlock,
network: '1',
strategies: [
{ name: 'erc20-balance-of', params: { address: tokenAddress, decimals: 18 } },
],
};
// 매 IPFS 의 post + 매 sign.
```
### ZK-ML proof (verify inference)
```python
# 매 EZKL 의 ONNX 의 ZK proof 로 변환
import ezkl
import torch
# 매 model export
torch.onnx.export(model, dummy_input, 'model.onnx')
# 매 setup
ezkl.gen_settings('model.onnx', 'settings.json')
ezkl.compile_circuit('model.onnx', 'circuit.ezkl', 'settings.json')
# 매 prove
ezkl.prove('input.json', 'circuit.ezkl', 'pk.key', 'proof.json')
# 매 verify (on-chain or off-chain)
ezkl.verify('proof.json', 'settings.json', 'vk.key')
```
→ 매 inference correctness 의 zero-knowledge.
### Provenance (content authenticity)
```solidity
contract ContentProvenance {
struct Record {
string contentHash; // keccak256 of content
address creator;
uint256 timestamp;
string metadataURI; // ipfs://...
}
mapping(bytes32 => Record) public records;
function register(string calldata contentHash, string calldata metadataURI) external {
bytes32 id = keccak256(abi.encodePacked(contentHash, msg.sender));
records[id] = Record(contentHash, msg.sender, block.timestamp, metadataURI);
}
}
```
## 🤔 결정 기준
| 응용 | Chain |
|---|---|
| DeFi (max liquidity) | Ethereum L1 |
| Cheap UX | L2 (Base, Arbitrum) |
| High TPS | Solana |
| Privacy | zkSync, StarkNet, Aztec |
| Gaming | L2 / sidechain |
| Enterprise / consortium | Hyperledger / Polygon CDK |
| AI inference | Bittensor, EZKL |
| Stablecoin | Ethereum + L2 |
**기본값**: L2 (Base / Arbitrum) 의 entry. 매 use case 의 specific chain.
## 🔗 Graph
- 부모: [[Distributed-Systems]] · [[Practical-Cryptography|Cryptography]] · [[Web3]]
- 변형: [[Bitcoin]] · [[Ethereum]] · [[Cosmos]]
- 응용: [[DAO]] · [[Smart-Contract]]
- AI 결합: [[Content-Provenance]] · [[C2PA]]
- Adjacent: [[Anarchism]] · [[Authenticity]]
## 🤖 LLM 활용
**언제**: 매 web3 system design. 매 smart contract review. 매 AI 의 provenance / royalty.
**언제 X**: 매 simple problem (centralized 의 enough). 매 high TPS + low latency 의 strict.
## ❌ 안티패턴
- **Centralized 의 force on blockchain**: 매 cost ↑, 매 benefit X.
- **No audit (smart contract)**: 매 hack risk.
- **Unchecked external call**: 매 reentrancy.
- **On-chain large data**: 매 cost (use IPFS).
- **No upgrade plan**: 매 immutable bug.
- **Speculation 의 only**: 매 utility X.
- **PoW 의 default**: 매 energy 의 unjustified.
## 🧪 검증 / 중복
- Verified (Ethereum yellow paper, Solana whitepaper, zk-rollup papers).
- 신뢰도 A.
- Related: [[Smart-Contract]] · [[ZK-ML]] · [[DAO]] · [[Authenticity]] · [[Anarchism]].
## 🕓 Changelog
| 날짜 | 변경 |
|---|---|
| 2026-05-08 | Phase 1 |
| 2026-05-10 | Manual cleanup — consensus + L2 + AI×Blockchain + 매 Solidity / viem / EZKL code |