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10_Wiki/Topics/Topic_Programming/Topic_Python/Python_Scope.md

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+---
+id: python-scope
+title: "Python Scope"
+category: "Programming_Language"
+status: "draft"
+verification_status: "conceptual"
+canonical_id: ""
+aliases: ["LEGB rule", "nonlocal", "파이썬 스코프"]
+duplicate_of: ""
+source_trust_level: "B"
+confidence_score: 0.9
+created_at: 2026-07-04
+updated_at: 2026-07-04
+review_reason: ""
+merge_history: []
+tags: ["python", "programming", "w3schools", "scope", "global", "nonlocal", "legb"]
+raw_sources: ["https://www.w3schools.com/python/python_scope.asp"]
+applied_in: []
+github_commit: ""
+---
+
+# [[Python Scope]]
+
+## 🎯 한 줄 통찰 (One-line insight)
+Python resolves a variable name by searching Local → Enclosing → Global → Built-in scopes in that order (the LEGB rule), and `global`/`nonlocal` are the two keywords that let inner code write to an outer scope instead of shadowing it. [S1]
+
+## 🧠 핵심 개념 (Core concepts)
+- **Scope** — the region where a variable is accessible. [S1]
+- **Local scope** — a variable created inside a function is only usable inside that function (and functions nested within it). [S1]
+- **Global scope** — a variable created at the top level of a module is usable everywhere. [S1]
+- **Same-name shadowing** — a local variable with the same name as a global one is treated as a SEPARATE variable — the local one shadows the global inside the function, without affecting the global. [S1]
+- **`global` keyword** — lets a function create or modify a variable in the global scope. [S1]
+- **`nonlocal` keyword** — lets a nested function modify a variable belonging to its enclosing (outer) function, not the module-level global scope. [S1]
+- **LEGB rule** — name resolution order: Local → Enclosing → Global → Built-in. [S1]
+
+## 🧩 추출된 패턴 (Extracted patterns)
+- **`global` vs `nonlocal` target different levels** — `global` reaches all the way to module scope; `nonlocal` reaches only the nearest enclosing FUNCTION scope, not the module — picking the wrong one is a common source of `SyntaxError` or silent shadowing. [S1]
+
+## 📖 세부 내용 (Details)
+- Local scope: `def myfunc(): x = 300; print(x)` — x unavailable outside. [S1]
+- Global scope: `x = 300; def myfunc(): print(x); myfunc(); print(x)`. [S1]
+- Shadowing: `x = 300; def myfunc(): x = 200; print(x); myfunc(); print(x)` — prints 200 then 300. [S1]
+- `global` to modify: `def myfunc(): global x; x = 200; myfunc(); print(x)`. [S1]
+- `nonlocal` to modify enclosing scope: `def myfunc1(): x = "Jane"; def myfunc2(): nonlocal x; x = "hello"; myfunc2(); return x`. [S1]
+- LEGB demonstration: nested `outer()`/`inner()` each define `x`; each print shows the scope-appropriate value. [S1]
+
+## ⚖️ 모순 및 업데이트 (Contradictions & updates)
+소스에서 모순되는 정보는 발견되지 않음.
+
+## 🛠️ 적용 사례 (Applied in summary)
+현재 발견된 실제 적용 사례가 없습니다 — Decorators 챕터의 클로저(inner function이 outer function의 변수를 참조하는 패턴)가 이 Enclosing 스코프 개념에 직접 의존한다. [S1]
+
+## 💻 코드 패턴 (Code patterns)
+nonlocal modifies the enclosing function's variable (Python):
+```python
+def myfunc1():
+    x = "Jane"
+    def myfunc2():
+        nonlocal x
+        x = "hello"
+    myfunc2()
+    return x
+
+print(myfunc1())  # hello
+```
+
+## ✅ 검증 상태 및 신뢰도
+- **상태:** draft
+- **검증 단계:** conceptual
+- **출처 신뢰도:** B (W3Schools — widely used educational reference, not a primary standards body)
+- **신뢰 점수:** 0.90
+- **중복 검사 결과:** 신규 생성 (New discovery)
+
+## 🔗 지식 그래프 (Knowledge Graph)
+- **상위/루트:** [[Python Tutorial]]
+- **관련 개념:** [[Python Global Variables]], [[Python Decorators]], [[Python Lambda]]
+- **참조 맥락:** 변수 이름 해석 규칙(LEGB)의 기초 — 데코레이터/클로저 이해에 필수.
+
+## 📚 출처 (Sources)
+- [S1] W3Schools — Python Scope — https://www.w3schools.com/python/python_scope.asp
+
+## 📝 변경 이력 (Change history)
+- 2026-07-04: Initial draft synthesized from the W3Schools "Python Scope" page (Astra wiki-curation, P-Reinforce v3.1 format).