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10_Wiki/Topics/Topic_Programming/Topic_PHP/PHP_Match.md

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+---
+id: php-match
+title: "PHP Match"
+category: "Programming_Language"
+status: "draft"
+verification_status: "conceptual"
+canonical_id: ""
+aliases: ["match expression", "PHP match"]
+duplicate_of: ""
+source_trust_level: "B"
+confidence_score: 0.9
+created_at: 2026-07-04
+updated_at: 2026-07-04
+review_reason: ""
+merge_history: []
+tags: ["php", "programming", "w3schools", "match", "php8"]
+raw_sources: ["https://www.w3schools.com/php/php_match.asp"]
+applied_in: []
+github_commit: ""
+---
+
+# [[PHP Match]]
+
+## 🎯 한 줄 통찰 (One-line insight)
+`match` (PHP 8.0+) uses STRICT comparison (`===`) internally while `switch` uses loose comparison (`==`) — this means `match` won't accidentally match a string `"1"` against an int `1` the way `switch` might, making `match` both safer and more predictable, on top of returning a value and auto-breaking after any match. [S1]
+
+## 🧠 핵심 개념 (Core concepts)
+- **`match`** (PHP 8.0+) — evaluates an expression against alternatives using strict (`===`) comparison, returns a value. [S1]
+- **Four key differences from switch** — more readable syntax; returns a value (switch doesn't); auto-breaks after a match (switch needs explicit `break`); strict comparison (switch uses loose `==`). [S1]
+- **Syntax** — `$result = match($expr) { cond1 => val1, cond2, cond3 => val2, default => defaultVal };`. [S1]
+- **Multiple conditions per arm** — comma-separated conditions sharing one result. [S1]
+- **`UnhandledMatchError`** — thrown if no condition matches AND there's no `default` arm. [S1]
+
+## 📖 세부 내용 (Details)
+- Basic match (equivalent to the switch example): `$favcolor = "red"; $text = match($favcolor) { "red" => "Your favorite color is red!", "blue" => "...", "green" => "...", default => "..." }; echo $text;`. [S1]
+- Multiple values per arm: `$text = match($d) { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 => "The week feels so long!", 6, 0 => "Weekends are best!", default => "Invalid day" };`. [S1]
+- No match, no default → exception: `$favcolor = "pink"; try { $text = match($favcolor) { "red" => ..., "blue" => ..., "green" => ... }; } catch (\UnhandledMatchError $e) { var_dump($e); }`. [S1]
+
+## ⚖️ 모순 및 업데이트 (Contradictions & updates)
+- **match와 switch의 근본적 차이 4가지**: 값 반환 여부, 자동 break 여부, 엄격 비교(===) vs 느슨한 비교(==)가 명확히 구분됨. [S1]
+
+## 🛠️ 적용 사례 (Applied in summary)
+현재 발견된 실제 적용 사례가 없습니다 — 값이 없을 때 UnhandledMatchError를 try-catch로 처리하는 패턴이 견고한 매치 로직의 실전 예시다. [S1]
+
+## 💻 코드 패턴 (Code patterns)
+Match expression with strict comparison and value return (PHP 8+):
+```php
+$favcolor = "red";
+$text = match($favcolor) {
+    "red" => "Your favorite color is red!",
+    "blue" => "Your favorite color is blue!",
+    "green" => "Your favorite color is green!",
+    default => "Your favorite color is neither red, blue, nor green!",
+};
+echo $text;
+```
+
+## ✅ 검증 상태 및 신뢰도
+- **상태:** draft
+- **검증 단계:** conceptual
+- **출처 신뢰도:** B (W3Schools — widely used educational reference, not a primary standards body)
+- **신뢰 점수:** 0.90
+- **중복 검사 결과:** 신규 생성 (New discovery)
+
+## 🔗 지식 그래프 (Knowledge Graph)
+- **상위/루트:** [[PHP Tutorial]]
+- **관련 개념:** [[PHP Switch]], [[PHP Exceptions]], [[PHP Looping]]
+- **참조 맥락:** switch의 PHP 8 대안 — 반복문(Looping) 섹션으로 이어짐.
+
+## 📚 출처 (Sources)
+- [S1] W3Schools — PHP match Expression — https://www.w3schools.com/php/php_match.asp
+
+## 📝 변경 이력 (Change history)
+- 2026-07-04: Initial draft synthesized from the W3Schools "PHP match Expression" page (Astra wiki-curation, P-Reinforce v3.1 format).