docs(10_Wiki): Topic_Business/General/Graphic/Programming을 Topics/ 하위로 이동

최상위 10_Wiki/Topic_*였던 4개 카테고리 폴더를 10_Wiki/Topics/Topic_* 로 재배치. 콘텐츠 변경 없음(순수 폴더 이동) — Topics/ 하위 나머지 폴더는 이미 지난 커밋에서 전부 정리된 상태(잔존 항목은 에이전트 운영 상태 및 사용자가 보존을 요청한 업데이트0615/무제 3.canvas 뿐).
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+---
+id: c-structs
+title: "C Structures (structs)"
+category: "Programming_Language"
+status: "draft"
+verification_status: "conceptual"
+canonical_id: ""
+aliases: ["struct keyword", "dot syntax", "C 구조체"]
+duplicate_of: ""
+source_trust_level: "B"
+confidence_score: 0.87
+created_at: 2026-07-04
+updated_at: 2026-07-04
+review_reason: ""
+merge_history: []
+tags: ["c", "programming-language", "w3schools", "structs"]
+raw_sources: ["https://www.w3schools.com/c/c_structs.php"]
+applied_in: []
+github_commit: ""
+---
+
+# [[C Structures (structs)]]
+
+## 🎯 한 줄 통찰 (One-line insight)
+Directly assigning a string literal to a struct's `char[]` member (`s1.myString = "Some text";`) produces a compile ERROR ("assignment to expression with array type") — the exact same restriction from the Strings chapter (arrays can't be reassigned wholesale) applies inside structs too, requiring `strcpy()` UNLESS the assignment happens at declaration time using the comma-separated initializer syntax, which is the one place string literals ARE allowed directly. [S1]
+
+## 🧠 핵심 개념 (Core concepts)
+- **Structure (`struct`)** — groups multiple MIXED-type variables ("members") into one unit, unlike arrays which require a single uniform type. [S1]
+- **Declaration + variable creation** — the `struct Name {...};` block only defines the TEMPLATE; you must separately declare `struct Name variableName;` to create an actual instance. [S1]
+- **Dot syntax (`.`)** — accesses/assigns individual members (`s1.myNum = 13;`). [S1]
+- **String members require `strcpy()`** — direct assignment (`s1.myString = "text";`) fails to compile; use `strcpy(s1.myString, "text");` instead. [S1]
+- **Initializer-list exception** — at DECLARATION time, `struct myStructure s1 = {13, 'B', "Some text"};` allows string literals directly, no `strcpy()` needed — values must be listed in the same order as the members were declared. [S1]
+- **Struct-to-struct copy** — `s2 = s1;` copies ALL members at once, including string arrays, without needing `strcpy()` per-field. [S1]
+- **Template reuse** — one struct definition (e.g. `Car`) can be instantiated repeatedly with different values (`car1`, `car2`, `car3`), avoiding separate ad-hoc variable sets per entity. [S1]
+
+## 📖 세부 내용 (Details)
+- The string-assignment error case: `s1.myString = "Some text"; // error: assignment to expression with array type`. [S1]
+- The `strcpy()` fix: `strcpy(s1.myString, "Some text");`. [S1]
+- Initializer-list shortcut bypassing `strcpy()`: `struct myStructure s1 = {13, 'B', "Some text"};`. [S1]
+- Real-life template reuse: `struct Car { char brand[30]; char model[30]; int year; }; struct Car car1 = {"BMW", "X5", 1999}; struct Car car2 = {"Ford", "Mustang", 1969};`. [S1]
+
+## ⚖️ 모순 및 업데이트 (Contradictions & updates)
+- **문자열 멤버 직접 대입 불가**: 구조체 안의 char 배열 멤버에도 배열 챕터와 동일한 제약이 적용되어 strcpy()가 필요하지만, 선언 시 초기화 리스트({...}) 문법에서는 예외적으로 문자열 리터럴을 직접 쓸 수 있다는 점이 확인됨. [S1]
+
+## 🛠️ 적용 사례 (Applied in summary)
+Car 구조체 하나로 BMW/Ford/Toyota 세 대의 서로 다른 자동차 정보를 저장하는 예제가 원문에서 직접 실전 활용 사례로 제시됨(하나의 템플릿, 여러 인스턴스). [S1]
+
+## 💻 코드 패턴 (Code patterns)
+One struct template reused for multiple distinct real-world entities (C):
+```c
+struct Car {
+  char brand[30];
+  char model[30];
+  int year;
+};
+int main() {
+  struct Car car1 = {"BMW", "X5", 1999};
+  struct Car car2 = {"Ford", "Mustang", 1969};
+  printf("%s %s %d\n", car1.brand, car1.model, car1.year);
+  return 0;
+}
+```
+
+## ✅ 검증 상태 및 신뢰도
+- **상태:** draft
+- **검증 단계:** conceptual
+- **출처 신뢰도:** B (W3Schools — widely used educational reference, not a primary standards body)
+- **신뢰 점수:** 0.87
+- **중복 검사 결과:** 신규 생성 (New discovery)
+
+## 🔗 지식 그래프 (Knowledge Graph)
+- **상위/루트:** [[C Tutorial]]
+- **관련 개념:** [[C Arrays RealLife]], [[C Strings Functions]], [[C Structs Nested]]
+- **참조 맥락:** 구조체 섹션 첫 챕터 — 중첩 구조체(Structs Nested) 챕터로 이어짐.
+
+## 📚 출처 (Sources)
+- [S1] W3Schools — C Structures (structs) — https://www.w3schools.com/c/c_structs.php
+
+## 📝 변경 이력 (Change history)
+- 2026-07-04: Initial draft synthesized from the W3Schools "C Structures (structs)" page (Astra wiki-curation, P-Reinforce v3.1 format).