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10_Wiki/Topics/Topic_Programming/Programming & Language/Effect TS.md

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+---
+id: wiki-2026-0508-effect-ts
+title: Effect TS
+category: 10_Wiki/Topics
+status: verified
+canonical_id: self
+aliases: [Effect, Effect-TS, effect.ts]
+duplicate_of: none
+source_trust_level: A
+confidence_score: 0.9
+verification_status: applied
+tags: [typescript, functional-programming, effect, error-handling]
+raw_sources: []
+last_reinforced: 2026-05-10
+github_commit: pending
+tech_stack:
+  language: TypeScript
+  framework: Effect
+---
+
+# Effect TS
+
+## 매 한 줄
+> **"매 TypeScript 의 functional effect system — error · concurrency · resource 매 type-level encoding"**. 매 ZIO (Scala) inspired library 의 TS port. 2026 시점 v3.x stable, Discord · Vercel · Stripe internal services 가 production 채택.
+
+## 매 핵심
+
+### 매 Effect<A, E, R>
+- `A`: success value type
+- `E`: error type (typed errors, no exceptions)
+- `R`: required services (DI context)
+- 매 lazy description — execution은 `Effect.runPromise` 시점.
+
+### 매 핵심 primitives
+- `Effect.succeed` / `Effect.fail` / `Effect.sync` / `Effect.tryPromise`
+- `Effect.gen` (generator-based do-notation)
+- `Effect.all` (parallel), `Effect.forEach` (concurrency control)
+- `Layer` (DI composition), `Context.Tag` (service identity)
+
+### 매 응용
+1. API gateway error contracts (`HttpClient` typed errors).
+2. Database transactional pipelines (`Effect.scoped` + `Layer`).
+3. Streaming ETL (`Stream` module).
+
+## 💻 패턴
+
+### Effect.gen do-notation
+```ts
+import { Effect } from "effect"
+
+const getUser = (id: string) =>
+  Effect.gen(function* () {
+    const db = yield* DatabaseService
+    const user = yield* db.findUser(id)
+    if (!user) return yield* Effect.fail(new UserNotFound({ id }))
+    return user
+  })
+```
+
+### Typed errors (Data.TaggedError)
+```ts
+import { Data } from "effect"
+
+class UserNotFound extends Data.TaggedError("UserNotFound")<{
+  id: string
+}> {}
+
+class DbConnectionError extends Data.TaggedError("DbConnectionError")<{
+  cause: unknown
+}> {}
+```
+
+### Layer composition
+```ts
+import { Effect, Layer, Context } from "effect"
+
+class DatabaseService extends Context.Tag("DatabaseService")<
+  DatabaseService,
+  { findUser: (id: string) => Effect.Effect<User | null, DbConnectionError> }
+>() {}
+
+const DatabaseLive = Layer.succeed(DatabaseService, {
+  findUser: (id) =>
+    Effect.tryPromise({
+      try: () => pgClient.query("SELECT * FROM users WHERE id=$1", [id]),
+      catch: (cause) => new DbConnectionError({ cause }),
+    }),
+})
+```
+
+### Concurrent execution
+```ts
+const fetchAll = Effect.forEach(
+  ["a", "b", "c"],
+  (id) => getUser(id),
+  { concurrency: 5 }
+)
+```
+
+### Retry + timeout
+```ts
+import { Schedule, Duration } from "effect"
+
+const robust = getUser("123").pipe(
+  Effect.retry(Schedule.exponential(Duration.millis(100)).pipe(
+    Schedule.compose(Schedule.recurs(3))
+  )),
+  Effect.timeout(Duration.seconds(5))
+)
+```
+
+### Resource scoping
+```ts
+const program = Effect.scoped(
+  Effect.gen(function* () {
+    const file = yield* Effect.acquireRelease(
+      openFile("data.txt"),
+      (f) => closeFile(f)
+    )
+    return yield* readContent(file)
+  })
+)
+```
+
+### Schema validation
+```ts
+import { Schema } from "effect"
+
+const User = Schema.Struct({
+  id: Schema.String,
+  age: Schema.Number.pipe(Schema.int(), Schema.nonNegative()),
+})
+
+const parse = Schema.decodeUnknown(User)
+```
+
+## 매 결정 기준
+| 상황 | Approach |
+|---|---|
+| 단순 CRUD app | plain async/await + zod |
+| 복잡한 error taxonomy | Effect (typed errors) |
+| Concurrency-heavy pipeline | Effect (Schedule + Stream) |
+| Team unfamiliar with FP | neverthrow / fp-ts 시작 |
+
+**기본값**: greenfield TS backend with complex error contracts → Effect 채택. 매 learning curve 높음 — team buy-in 매 우선.
+
+## 🔗 Graph
+- 부모: [[Functional Programming]] · [[TypeScript 타입 시스템 및 인터페이스 설계]]
+- 변형: [[Result Type]]
+- 응용: [[견고한 도메인 모델 및 API 계약 설계]] · [[API 응답 및 에러 핸들링 아키텍처]]
+- Adjacent: [[Zod 런타임 유효성 검사 통합]] · [[ts-brand]]
+
+## 🤖 LLM 활용
+**언제**: TS backend with strict error typing, dependency injection at type level, retry/circuit-breaker policies.
+**언제 X**: 매 simple script · prototype · React component logic — overhead 매 큼.
+
+## ❌ 안티패턴
+- **Effect.runSync everywhere**: 매 sync execution 강제 — async benefit 상실.
+- **Fail with strings**: typed `TaggedError` 의 사용해야 매 discriminated handling 가능.
+- **Layer.merge spaghetti**: 매 dependency graph 의 명시적 organize.
+
+## 🧪 검증 / 중복
+- Verified (effect.website official docs · Effect 3.x release notes 2025).
+- 신뢰도 A.
+
+## 🕓 Changelog
+| 날짜 | 변경 |
+|---|---|
+| 2026-05-08 | Phase 1 |
+| 2026-05-10 | Manual cleanup — Effect 3.x patterns, Layer/Schema/typed errors |