docs(10_Wiki): Topic_Business/General/Graphic/Programming을 Topics/ 하위로 이동
최상위 10_Wiki/Topic_*였던 4개 카테고리 폴더를 10_Wiki/Topics/Topic_* 로 재배치. 콘텐츠 변경 없음(순수 폴더 이동) — Topics/ 하위 나머지 폴더는 이미 지난 커밋에서 전부 정리된 상태(잔존 항목은 에이전트 운영 상태 및 사용자가 보존을 요청한 업데이트0615/무제 3.canvas 뿐).
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Antigravity Agent
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id: wiki-2026-0508-web-worker-웹-워커
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title: Web Worker (웹 워커)
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category: 10_Wiki/Topics
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status: verified
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canonical_id: self
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aliases: [Web Worker, 웹 워커, Dedicated Worker]
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duplicate_of: none
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source_trust_level: A
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confidence_score: 0.9
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verification_status: applied
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tags: [web-worker, concurrency, browser, javascript]
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raw_sources: []
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last_reinforced: 2026-05-10
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github_commit: pending
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tech_stack:
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language: JavaScript/TypeScript
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framework: Web Platform
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---
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# Web Worker (웹 워커)
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## 매 한 줄
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> **"매 main thread off-load — UI freeze 의 X"**. Web Worker 매 separate OS thread 의 JS 실행 — postMessage 의 message-passing, structuredClone 의 transfer. 2026 modern stack 매 OffscreenCanvas + SharedArrayBuffer + Comlink 의 ergonomic wrapper.
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## 매 핵심
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### 매 Worker 종류
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- **Dedicated Worker**: 1:1 owner — single page 의 사용.
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- **Shared Worker**: N:1 — 같은 origin 의 multiple tabs share.
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- **Service Worker**: network proxy — offline / push.
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- **Worklet**: paint / audio / animation — 매 lightweight, low-latency.
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### 매 message passing
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- `postMessage(data, [transfer])` — structuredClone (deep copy).
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- **Transferable**: ArrayBuffer / MessagePort / OffscreenCanvas — zero-copy ownership transfer.
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- **SharedArrayBuffer**: 매 진짜 shared memory — Atomics 의 sync (COOP+COEP header 필수).
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### 매 응용
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1. **Heavy compute**: physics sim / image processing / crypto.
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2. **OffscreenCanvas**: WebGL/WebGPU rendering on worker — 매 main thread freeze 의 X.
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3. **Parsing**: large JSON / CSV / protobuf decode.
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4. **WASM compute**: WebAssembly module 의 worker 의 실행 — 매 isolation.
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## 💻 패턴
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### Dedicated Worker 매 basic
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```js
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// main.js
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const worker = new Worker(new URL('./worker.js', import.meta.url), { type: 'module' });
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worker.postMessage({ cmd: 'compute', n: 1_000_000 });
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worker.onmessage = (e) => console.log('result:', e.data);
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// worker.js
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self.onmessage = (e) => {
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const { cmd, n } = e.data;
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if (cmd === 'compute') {
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let sum = 0;
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for (let i = 0; i < n; i++) sum += Math.sqrt(i);
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self.postMessage(sum);
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}
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};
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```
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### Transferable ArrayBuffer (zero-copy)
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```js
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const buf = new ArrayBuffer(64 * 1024 * 1024); // 64MB
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worker.postMessage({ buf }, [buf]); // ownership transferred — main thread 의 buf 매 detached
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```
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### Comlink 매 RPC ergonomics
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```js
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// worker.js
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import * as Comlink from 'comlink';
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class Engine {
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async heavy(x) { /* ... */ return x * 2; }
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}
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Comlink.expose(new Engine());
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// main.js
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import * as Comlink from 'comlink';
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const Engine = Comlink.wrap(new Worker('./worker.js', { type: 'module' }));
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const engine = await new Engine();
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const result = await engine.heavy(42); // 매 promise-based RPC
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```
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### OffscreenCanvas 매 worker rendering
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```js
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// main.js
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const canvas = document.querySelector('canvas');
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const offscreen = canvas.transferControlToOffscreen();
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worker.postMessage({ canvas: offscreen }, [offscreen]);
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// worker.js
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self.onmessage = (e) => {
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const ctx = e.data.canvas.getContext('webgl2');
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// 매 worker thread 의 render loop — 매 main thread 의 jank 의 X
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function frame() { /* draw */ requestAnimationFrame(frame); }
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frame();
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};
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```
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### SharedArrayBuffer + Atomics
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```js
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const sab = new SharedArrayBuffer(1024);
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const view = new Int32Array(sab);
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worker.postMessage({ sab });
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// worker — 매 atomic increment
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Atomics.add(view, 0, 1);
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Atomics.notify(view, 0); // wake waiters
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// main — 매 wait
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Atomics.wait(view, 0, 0); // block until value != 0
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```
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### Worker pool 매 parallel map
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```js
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class Pool {
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constructor(size, url) {
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this.workers = Array.from({ length: size }, () => new Worker(url, { type: 'module' }));
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this.queue = [];
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this.idle = [...this.workers];
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}
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exec(task) {
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return new Promise((resolve) => {
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const run = (w) => {
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w.onmessage = (e) => { resolve(e.data); this.idle.push(w); this.flush(); };
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w.postMessage(task);
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};
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this.idle.length ? run(this.idle.pop()) : this.queue.push(run);
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});
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}
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flush() { while (this.queue.length && this.idle.length) this.queue.shift()(this.idle.pop()); }
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}
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```
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### Module worker + dynamic import
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```js
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const w = new Worker(new URL('./w.js', import.meta.url), { type: 'module' });
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// w.js — 매 ESM import 의 가능
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import { decode } from './codec.js';
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self.onmessage = async (e) => self.postMessage(decode(e.data));
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```
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## 매 결정 기준
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| 상황 | Approach |
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|---|---|
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| Heavy CPU compute | Dedicated Worker + Transferable |
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| GPU render off-main | OffscreenCanvas worker |
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| Multi-tab shared state | Shared Worker / BroadcastChannel |
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| Offline / cache | Service Worker |
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| High-freq sync | SharedArrayBuffer + Atomics |
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| Ergonomic RPC | Comlink |
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**기본값**: Dedicated Worker + Comlink + Transferable buffers.
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## 🔗 Graph
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- 부모: [[JavaScript]]
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- 변형: [[Service Worker]] · [[Shared Worker]] · [[Worklet]]
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- 응용: [[OffscreenCanvas]] · [[WebAssembly]] · [[WebGPU]]
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- Adjacent: [[SharedArrayBuffer]] · [[Comlink]] · [[Atomics]]
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## 🤖 LLM 활용
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**언제**: main-thread blocking >16ms 의 task / GPU rendering off-main / parallel CPU work.
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**언제 X**: trivial computation (<1ms) — 매 postMessage overhead 의 net loss / DOM access 필요 (worker 의 DOM X).
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## ❌ 안티패턴
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- **Sync XHR in main**: 매 worker 의 reason — main thread 의 block 의 X.
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- **Large object clone**: structuredClone 매 deep copy — Transferable 의 사용.
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- **Worker per task**: spawn cost ~5-50ms — pool 의 reuse.
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- **No COOP/COEP**: SharedArrayBuffer 매 cross-origin isolation 필수.
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## 🧪 검증 / 중복
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- Verified (HTML Living Standard / MDN Web Workers API).
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- 신뢰도 A.
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## 🕓 Changelog
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| 날짜 | 변경 |
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| 2026-05-08 | Phase 1 |
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| 2026-05-10 | Manual cleanup — Worker types, Transferable, OffscreenCanvas, Comlink, SAB patterns |
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