docs(10_Wiki): Topic_Business/General/Graphic/Programming을 Topics/ 하위로 이동

최상위 10_Wiki/Topic_*였던 4개 카테고리 폴더를 10_Wiki/Topics/Topic_* 로 재배치. 콘텐츠 변경 없음(순수 폴더 이동) — Topics/ 하위 나머지 폴더는 이미 지난 커밋에서 전부 정리된 상태(잔존 항목은 에이전트 운영 상태 및 사용자가 보존을 요청한 업데이트0615/무제 3.canvas 뿐).
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+---
+id: wiki-2026-0508-declaration-files
+title: Declaration Files
+category: 10_Wiki/Topics
+status: verified
+canonical_id: self
+aliases: [TypeScript .d.ts, Type Definitions, DefinitelyTyped]
+duplicate_of: none
+source_trust_level: A
+confidence_score: 0.9
+verification_status: applied
+tags: [typescript, types, declaration, dts]
+raw_sources: []
+last_reinforced: 2026-05-10
+github_commit: pending
+tech_stack:
+  language: TypeScript
+  framework: TypeScript 5.x
+---
+
+# Declaration Files
+
+## 매 한 줄
+> **"매 .d.ts = type-only public surface — runtime code 의 X."**. 매 TypeScript의 매 declaration 파일이 매 JS library의 매 type contract 의 제공 — `@types/node`, `@types/react` 등 매 DefinitelyTyped 가 매 ecosystem 의 backbone. 매 modern (2024-2026) 워크플로우는 `tsc --declaration` 자동 생성 + `tsup` / `rollup-plugin-dts` 의 bundling.
+
+## 매 핵심
+
+### 매 file types
+- `lib.d.ts` — TS standard library (DOM, ES2024).
+- `package.d.ts` — package 자체 type.
+- `globals.d.ts` — ambient declaration (window 확장).
+- `module.d.ts` — `declare module 'foo'` shape.
+
+### 매 publishing
+- `package.json` `"types"` (or `"typings"`) field → main d.ts entry.
+- `"exports"` map (Node 16+) — multiple entry points + types.
+- Dual ESM/CJS = 매 두 d.ts 필요 — `"types"` per condition.
+
+### 매 응용
+1. JS library 의 type 추가 — `@types/foo`.
+2. Module augmentation — `declare module 'react' { ... }`.
+3. CSS modules / image import — `*.module.css` declaration.
+4. Env variable typing — `import.meta.env`.
+
+## 💻 패턴
+
+### 1. Basic .d.ts
+```typescript
+// lib.d.ts
+export interface User { id: string; name: string }
+export declare function getUser(id: string): Promise<User>;
+export declare const VERSION: string;
+```
+
+### 2. Module declaration (ambient)
+```typescript
+// types/legacy-lib.d.ts
+declare module 'legacy-lib' {
+  export function init(opts: { key: string }): void;
+  const version: string;
+  export default version;
+}
+```
+
+### 3. Module augmentation
+```typescript
+// types/react-augment.d.ts
+import 'react';
+declare module 'react' {
+  interface CSSProperties {
+    '--brand-hue'?: string;
+  }
+}
+```
+
+### 4. Global augmentation
+```typescript
+// types/globals.d.ts
+declare global {
+  interface Window {
+    analytics?: { track(event: string, props?: Record<string, unknown>): void };
+  }
+}
+export {}; // make this a module
+```
+
+### 5. Asset module declarations
+```typescript
+// types/assets.d.ts
+declare module '*.module.css' {
+  const classes: Record<string, string>;
+  export default classes;
+}
+declare module '*.svg' {
+  const url: string;
+  export default url;
+}
+declare module '*.svg?react' {
+  import { FC, SVGProps } from 'react';
+  const Component: FC<SVGProps<SVGSVGElement>>;
+  export default Component;
+}
+```
+
+### 6. Vite env types
+```typescript
+// src/vite-env.d.ts
+/// <reference types="vite/client" />
+interface ImportMetaEnv {
+  readonly VITE_API_URL: string;
+  readonly VITE_SENTRY_DSN: string;
+}
+interface ImportMeta { readonly env: ImportMetaEnv }
+```
+
+### 7. package.json exports + types (dual ESM/CJS)
+```json
+{
+  "name": "@acme/lib",
+  "type": "module",
+  "main": "./dist/index.cjs",
+  "module": "./dist/index.js",
+  "types": "./dist/index.d.ts",
+  "exports": {
+    ".": {
+      "types": "./dist/index.d.ts",
+      "import": "./dist/index.js",
+      "require": "./dist/index.cjs"
+    },
+    "./feature": {
+      "types": "./dist/feature.d.ts",
+      "import": "./dist/feature.js"
+    }
+  }
+}
+```
+
+### 8. tsconfig for d.ts emit
+```json
+{
+  "compilerOptions": {
+    "declaration": true,
+    "declarationMap": true,
+    "emitDeclarationOnly": false,
+    "outDir": "dist",
+    "rootDir": "src",
+    "moduleResolution": "bundler"
+  }
+}
+```
+
+### 9. tsup d.ts bundle
+```javascript
+// tsup.config.ts
+import { defineConfig } from 'tsup';
+export default defineConfig({
+  entry: ['src/index.ts'],
+  format: ['esm', 'cjs'],
+  dts: true,           // bundle d.ts
+  sourcemap: true,
+  clean: true,
+});
+```
+
+### 10. Conditional type for string literal API
+```typescript
+// route.d.ts — type-safe routing
+type Route =
+  | { name: 'home'; params?: undefined }
+  | { name: 'user'; params: { id: string } };
+
+declare function navigate<R extends Route>(...args: R['params'] extends undefined ? [name: R['name']] : [name: R['name'], params: R['params']]): void;
+```
+
+## 매 결정 기준
+| 상황 | Approach |
+|---|---|
+| 매 JS library 의 type | `@types/foo` (DefinitelyTyped). |
+| 매 own library | `tsc --declaration` or tsup `dts: true`. |
+| 매 monorepo internal | `composite: true` + project references. |
+| 매 CSS / asset import | `*.module.css` ambient declaration. |
+| Plugin-based extension | Module augmentation. |
+
+**기본값**: tsup `dts: true` + `exports` map + declarationMap.
+
+## 🔗 Graph
+- 부모: [[TypeScript]] · [[TypeScript 타입 시스템 (TypeScript Type System)|Type Systems]]
+- 변형: [[Ambient Declarations]]
+- Adjacent: [[DefinitelyTyped]] · [[tsup]] · [[Vite]]
+
+## 🤖 LLM 활용
+**언제**: 매 d.ts scaffolding, ambient module declaration, exports map.
+**언제 X**: 매 complex generic inference debug — 매 TS playground 사용.
+
+## ❌ 안티패턴
+- **No `export {}` in global aug**: 매 file 이 script 로 처리됨 → 매 declare global 무효.
+- **`any` everywhere**: 매 d.ts 의 가치 의 negate.
+- **`types` 미게시**: 매 user 의 `@types/foo` 의 별도 작성 필요.
+- **Conditional exports types last**: 매 `"types"` 가 매 conditions 의 first 위치 — 매 spec.
+
+## 🧪 검증 / 중복
+- Verified (typescriptlang.org/docs/handbook/declaration-files, TS 5.x release notes).
+- 신뢰도 A.
+
+## 🕓 Changelog
+| 날짜 | 변경 |
+|---|---|
+| 2026-05-08 | Phase 1 |
+| 2026-05-10 | Manual cleanup — d.ts authoring + exports map 2026 |