docs(10_Wiki): Topic_Business/General/Graphic/Programming을 Topics/ 하위로 이동
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Antigravity Agent
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id: wiki-2026-0508-session-lifecycle
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title: Session Lifecycle
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category: 10_Wiki/Topics
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status: verified
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canonical_id: self
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aliases: [Session Management, Session State, Login Session]
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duplicate_of: none
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source_trust_level: A
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confidence_score: 0.9
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verification_status: applied
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tags: [security, web, authentication, session]
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raw_sources: []
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last_reinforced: 2026-05-10
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github_commit: pending
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tech_stack:
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language: typescript
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framework: nextjs-redis
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---
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# Session Lifecycle
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## 매 한 줄
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> **"매 user 의 매 authenticated state 의 매 birth → death"**. Session lifecycle 는 매 login 으로 매 시작, 매 idle/absolute timeout 또는 매 explicit logout 으로 매 끝. 2026 현재 매 stateless JWT 의 매 short-lived access token (15 min) + 매 stateful refresh token (rotating, server-revocable) 의 매 hybrid 가 매 dominant; 매 OWASP ASVS V3 가 매 baseline.
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## 매 핵심
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### 매 Phases
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1. **Auth**: credential verify (password, MFA, passkey).
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2. **Issue**: session token (cookie / JWT) + binding (UA, IP optional).
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3. **Validate**: per-request check + refresh.
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4. **Refresh**: rotation on each use.
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5. **Terminate**: logout, idle (15-30min), absolute (12-24h), forced (admin, breach).
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### 매 Token strategies
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- **Stateful (DB session)**: server stores; revocable instantly; scale via Redis.
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- **Stateless JWT**: signed token; revocation via short TTL or blocklist.
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- **Hybrid**: short JWT access + opaque refresh in DB.
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### 매 Cookie attributes
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- `HttpOnly` — XSS protection.
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- `Secure` — TLS only.
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- `SameSite=Lax` (or Strict) — CSRF.
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- `__Host-` prefix — domain lock.
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- `Path=/` and reasonable `Max-Age`.
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### 매 응용
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1. Web SPA + cookie session.
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2. Mobile app + refresh-token rotation.
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3. SSO (SAML/OIDC) federated.
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4. Service mesh (mTLS-based).
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## 💻 패턴
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### Cookie session (Express + Redis)
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```typescript
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import session from "express-session";
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import RedisStore from "connect-redis";
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app.use(session({
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store: new RedisStore({ client: redis, prefix: "sess:" }),
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secret: process.env.SESSION_SECRET!,
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resave: false,
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saveUninitialized: false,
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cookie: {
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httpOnly: true, secure: true, sameSite: "lax",
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maxAge: 30 * 60_000, // idle timeout via touch
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},
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rolling: true,
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}));
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```
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### JWT access + rotating refresh
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```typescript
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function issueTokens(userId: string) {
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const access = jwt.sign({ sub: userId }, ACCESS_SECRET, { expiresIn: "15m" });
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const refresh = crypto.randomUUID();
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redis.set(`refresh:${refresh}`, userId, "EX", 60 * 60 * 24 * 14);
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return { access, refresh };
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}
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async function rotate(oldRefresh: string) {
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const userId = await redis.get(`refresh:${oldRefresh}`);
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if (!userId) throw new Error("invalid");
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await redis.del(`refresh:${oldRefresh}`); // single-use
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return issueTokens(userId);
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}
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```
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### Idle + absolute timeout
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```typescript
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type Session = { userId: string; createdAt: number; lastSeenAt: number };
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const ABSOLUTE = 24 * 3600_000;
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const IDLE = 30 * 60_000;
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function valid(s: Session): boolean {
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const now = Date.now();
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return now - s.createdAt < ABSOLUTE && now - s.lastSeenAt < IDLE;
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}
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```
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### Global logout (token version)
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```typescript
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// User table column: tokenVersion (incremented on logout-everywhere)
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const access = jwt.sign({ sub: user.id, ver: user.tokenVersion }, SECRET);
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// On verify
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if (decoded.ver !== currentUser.tokenVersion) throw new Error("revoked");
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```
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### Session hijack defense (binding)
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```typescript
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function bindClaims(req: Request) {
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return crypto.createHash("sha256")
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.update(req.headers["user-agent"] + req.ip).digest("hex");
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}
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// On issue: store. On validate: compare. Mismatch → require re-auth.
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```
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### Concurrent session limit
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```typescript
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const sessions = await redis.smembers(`user_sessions:${userId}`);
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if (sessions.length >= 5) {
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const oldest = sessions[0];
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await redis.del(`sess:${oldest}`);
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await redis.srem(`user_sessions:${userId}`, oldest);
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}
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```
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## 매 결정 기준
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| 상황 | Approach |
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|---|---|
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| 매 Web SPA, 매 same domain | Cookie + CSRF token |
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| 매 mobile / cross-origin | JWT access + refresh in secure storage |
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| 매 high-security (banking) | Short access (5m) + step-up auth |
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| 매 SSO required | OIDC + IdP-managed session |
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**기본값**: HttpOnly Secure SameSite=Lax cookie + Redis-backed session, 30m idle / 24h absolute.
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## 🔗 Graph
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- 부모: [[Application Security]]
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- 변형: [[JWT]] · [[OAuth 2.0]]
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- 응용: [[보안 및 시스템 신뢰성 표준|OWASP Top 10]] · [[보안 및 시스템 신뢰성 표준|Zero-Trust Architecture]]
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## 🤖 LLM 활용
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**언제**: Session anomaly detection (매 sudden geo / device shift), suspicious-activity summary for support.
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**언제 X**: 매 token issuance / signing — 매 deterministic crypto only.
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## ❌ 안티패턴
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- **localStorage JWT**: 매 XSS → 매 token theft. 매 HttpOnly cookie.
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- **No refresh rotation**: 매 leaked refresh = 매 forever access.
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- **No absolute timeout**: 매 1년 session — 매 dormant account hijack.
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- **Client-side only check**: 매 every request server-side.
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## 🧪 검증 / 중복
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- Verified (OWASP Session Management Cheat Sheet, ASVS V3, NIST SP 800-63B).
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- 신뢰도 A.
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## 🕓 Changelog
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| 날짜 | 변경 |
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|---|---|
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| 2026-05-08 | Phase 1 |
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| 2026-05-10 | Manual cleanup — JWT+refresh hybrid + passkey-era state |
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