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Antigravity Agent
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id: wiki-2026-0508-serverless-computing
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title: Serverless Computing
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category: 10_Wiki/Topics
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status: verified
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canonical_id: self
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aliases: [FaaS, Function-as-a-Service, Lambda]
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duplicate_of: none
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source_trust_level: A
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confidence_score: 0.9
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verification_status: applied
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tags: [serverless, cloud, faas, backend]
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raw_sources: []
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last_reinforced: 2026-05-10
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github_commit: pending
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tech_stack:
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language: typescript
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framework: aws-lambda/cloudflare-workers
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---
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# Serverless Computing
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## 매 한 줄
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> **"매 server 관리 없이 event 단위로 코드를 실행"**. 매 2014 AWS Lambda 출시로 본격화. 매 2026 현재 Cloudflare Workers, Vercel Edge, AWS Lambda + Function URLs 의 edge-native serverless 가 mainstream — cold start 의 sub-10ms.
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## 매 핵심
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### 매 모델 비교
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- **Container (ECS, Cloud Run)**: long-lived, scale-to-N. Cold start 100ms-2s.
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- **Lambda (region)**: per-invocation, max 15min. Cold start 100-500ms.
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- **Edge (Workers, Vercel)**: V8 isolate, sub-millisecond cold start, max 30s CPU.
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- **Durable (Durable Objects, Lambda + DynamoDB)**: stateful + serverless.
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### 매 trade-offs
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- **장점**: pay-per-use, auto-scale, ops-free.
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- **단점**: vendor lock-in, cold start, debugging 어려움, time/memory limit.
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### 매 응용
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1. API endpoint (Hono on Workers).
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2. Event processing (S3 → Lambda → SNS).
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3. Cron job (EventBridge schedule).
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4. WebSocket (API Gateway + Lambda).
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5. ML inference (Lambda + container image, 10GB).
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## 💻 패턴
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### AWS Lambda (TypeScript)
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```ts
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import { APIGatewayProxyHandler } from 'aws-lambda';
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export const handler: APIGatewayProxyHandler = async (event) => {
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const body = JSON.parse(event.body ?? '{}');
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const result = await processOrder(body);
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return { statusCode: 200, body: JSON.stringify(result) };
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};
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```
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### Cloudflare Workers (Hono)
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```ts
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import { Hono } from 'hono';
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const app = new Hono<{ Bindings: { DB: D1Database } }>();
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app.get('/users/:id', async (c) => {
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const id = c.req.param('id');
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const user = await c.env.DB.prepare('SELECT * FROM users WHERE id = ?').bind(id).first();
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return c.json(user);
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});
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export default app;
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```
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### Cold start mitigation (provisioned concurrency)
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```yaml
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# serverless.yml
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functions:
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api:
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handler: handler.api
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provisionedConcurrency: 5 # always-warm
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reservedConcurrency: 100 # max parallel
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```
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### Idempotent handler
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```ts
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const seen = new Map<string, any>();
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export const handler = async (event: { id: string; data: any }) => {
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if (seen.has(event.id)) return seen.get(event.id);
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const result = await process(event.data);
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seen.set(event.id, result);
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return result;
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};
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// Production: use DynamoDB or Redis for cross-invocation idempotency
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```
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### Edge function (Vercel)
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```ts
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export const config = { runtime: 'edge' };
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export default async function handler(req: Request) {
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const url = new URL(req.url);
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const cached = await caches.default.match(req);
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if (cached) return cached;
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const data = await fetch(`${process.env.UPSTREAM}${url.pathname}`);
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const resp = new Response(data.body, { headers: { 'cache-control': 'max-age=300' } });
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await caches.default.put(req, resp.clone());
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return resp;
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}
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```
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### Durable Object (stateful)
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```ts
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export class Counter {
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constructor(private state: DurableObjectState) {}
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async fetch(req: Request) {
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let count = (await this.state.storage.get<number>('n')) ?? 0;
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count++;
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await this.state.storage.put('n', count);
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return new Response(String(count));
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}
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}
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```
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### Event-driven (S3 → Lambda)
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```python
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def handler(event, context):
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for record in event['Records']:
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bucket = record['s3']['bucket']['name']
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key = record['s3']['object']['key']
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process_image(bucket, key)
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```
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## 매 결정 기준
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| 상황 | Approach |
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|---|---|
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| Low traffic API | Lambda or Workers |
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| Global low-latency | Cloudflare Workers / Vercel Edge |
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| Long-running (>15min) | Container (Cloud Run, Fargate) |
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| Stateful realtime | Durable Objects |
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| Heavy ML inference | Lambda container image or SageMaker |
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**기본값**: Cloudflare Workers + Hono + D1 — 2026 의 best-DX serverless.
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## 🔗 Graph
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- 변형: [[FaaS]]
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- 응용: [[API Gateway]] · [[Event-Driven Architecture]]
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- Adjacent: [[Microservices]]
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## 🤖 LLM 활용
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**언제**: handler boilerplate, IAM policy 생성, cold start 분석.
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**언제 X**: cost optimization (cloud bill 의 actual 측정 필요).
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## ❌ 안티패턴
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- **Lambda monolith**: 1 function 의 multi-route → cold start blast radius.
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- **Sync chain**: Lambda A calls Lambda B sync — double charge + timeout risk.
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- **No timeout**: default 3s 의 leak.
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- **Heavy init**: connection pool init at handler 매 invoke → 매번 cold.
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## 🧪 검증 / 중복
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- Verified (AWS docs, Cloudflare docs, Vercel docs 2026).
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- 신뢰도 A.
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## 🕓 Changelog
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| 날짜 | 변경 |
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|---|---|
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| 2026-05-08 | Phase 1 |
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| 2026-05-10 | Manual cleanup — Serverless 2026 state |
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