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+---
+id: wiki-2026-0508-kiss-keep-it-simple-stupid
+title: "KISS (Keep It Simple, Stupid)"
+category: 10_Wiki/Topics
+status: verified
+canonical_id: self
+aliases: [KISS Principle, Keep It Simple]
+duplicate_of: none
+source_trust_level: A
+confidence_score: 0.95
+verification_status: applied
+tags: [principle, design, software-engineering]
+raw_sources: []
+last_reinforced: 2026-05-10
+github_commit: pending
+tech_stack:
+  language: any
+  framework: any
+---
+
+# KISS (Keep It Simple, Stupid)
+
+## 매 한 줄
+> **"매 simplest-thing-that-could-possibly-work"**. 매 1960s Lockheed Skunk Works 의 Kelly Johnson 의 aerospace heuristic → 매 software 매 universal 의 design principle. 매 sibling: YAGNI, Worse-is-Better, Occam's Razor.
+
+## 매 핵심
+
+### 매 mechanism
+- 매 each abstraction 의 cognitive cost 의 measure.
+- 매 minimum-viable design → 매 iterate.
+- 매 complexity 매 emergent, never additive cheap.
+
+### 매 forms
+- **Code**: fewer lines, fewer abstractions, fewer dependencies.
+- **API**: fewer endpoints, fewer params, fewer states.
+- **System**: fewer services, fewer protocols, fewer config knobs.
+
+### 매 응용
+1. Pre-mature abstraction avoidance (Rule of Three).
+2. Boring-tech preference (PostgreSQL > custom DB).
+3. Monolith-first (Fowler), microservices later if needed.
+
+## 💻 패턴
+
+### KISS 매 too-complex (anti)
+```ts
+// Over-engineered: factory + builder + strategy for "add 2 numbers"
+class AdderFactory {
+  static create(strategy: AddStrategy): Adder { /* ... */ }
+}
+```
+
+### KISS 매 right
+```ts
+const add = (a: number, b: number) => a + b;
+```
+
+### Service split: simple-first
+```ts
+// Simple: 1 service, postgres
+app.post('/order', async (req, res) => {
+  const order = await db.orders.create(req.body);
+  await sendEmail(order);
+  res.json(order);
+});
+
+// Only when justified by load/team-size: split into microservices.
+```
+
+### Dependency minimalism
+```bash
+# package.json 매 audit — every dep is liability
+npm-check --unused
+depcheck
+```
+
+### Config 매 default-driven
+```ts
+// Bad: 27 required env vars
+// Good: smart defaults, override only when needed
+const PORT = process.env.PORT ?? 3000;
+const DB_URL = process.env.DATABASE_URL ?? 'postgres://localhost/dev';
+```
+
+### Naming for clarity
+```ts
+// Bad
+function p(d: any[]) { /* ... */ }
+
+// Good
+function paginate(items: Item[]): Page<Item> { /* ... */ }
+```
+
+## 매 결정 기준
+| 상황 | Choice |
+|---|---|
+| First version | Simplest possible, single file if needed |
+| 매 second feature 의 same shape | Still don't abstract |
+| 매 third 의 same shape (Rule of Three) | Now abstract |
+
+**기본값**: Inline the code. Abstract only when 매 third 의 same pattern emerges.
+
+## 🔗 Graph
+- 부모: [[Software-Design-Principles]]
+- 변형: [[YAGNI]]
+- Adjacent: [[Premature-Optimization]] · [[Rule of Three]]
+
+## 🤖 LLM 활용
+**언제**: design review, architecture decision, code review (cut complexity).
+**언제 X**: 매 inherent-complexity domain (compilers, crypto, distributed consensus) 매 simplification 매 wrong-target.
+
+## ❌ 안티패턴
+- **Premature abstraction**: 1 use 의 abstraction 매 wrong shape.
+- **Configuration explosion**: every-flag-as-knob.
+- **Microservices day-one**: 매 distributed monolith 의 invitation.
+
+## 🧪 검증 / 중복
+- Verified (Kelly Johnson — Lockheed Skunk Works; Rich Hickey — Simple Made Easy talk; Worse-is-Better essay).
+- 신뢰도 A.
+
+## 🕓 Changelog
+| 날짜 | 변경 |
+|---|---|
+| 2026-05-08 | Phase 1 |
+| 2026-05-10 | Manual cleanup — KISS FULL content with anti-patterns |