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+---
+id: wiki-2026-0508-spring-framework
+title: Spring Framework
+category: 10_Wiki/Topics
+status: verified
+canonical_id: self
+aliases: [Spring, Spring Boot, Spring Core]
+duplicate_of: none
+source_trust_level: A
+confidence_score: 0.9
+verification_status: applied
+tags: [java, framework, dependency-injection, spring-boot]
+raw_sources: []
+last_reinforced: 2026-05-10
+github_commit: pending
+tech_stack:
+  language: java
+  framework: spring-boot
+---
+
+# Spring Framework
+
+## 매 한 줄
+> **"매 Java enterprise 의 IoC container — 매 Beans, AOP, MVC, Boot 의 ecosystem"**. Rod Johnson (2003) 의 J2EE 대체. 2026 현재 Spring Boot 3.4 (Java 21+, virtual threads, AOT/GraalVM native) 가 매 backend Java 의 de-facto.
+
+## 매 핵심
+
+### 매 IoC / DI
+- **ApplicationContext**: 매 Bean 의 lifecycle 관리.
+- **`@Component`, `@Service`, `@Repository`, `@Controller`**: 매 stereotype.
+- **Constructor injection**: 매 권장 (final field, immutability).
+
+### 매 modules
+- **Spring Core**: IoC, DI, Resource, SpEL.
+- **Spring MVC / WebFlux**: HTTP (Servlet vs reactive).
+- **Spring Data**: JPA, MongoDB, Redis repository abstraction.
+- **Spring Security**: Auth (OAuth2, JWT, OIDC).
+- **Spring Boot**: 매 auto-configuration, embedded Tomcat/Netty.
+
+### 매 응용
+1. REST API backend (Boot + Web + Data JPA).
+2. Reactive microservice (WebFlux + R2DBC).
+3. Batch job (Spring Batch).
+
+## 💻 패턴
+
+### Spring Boot 3.4 application
+```java
+@SpringBootApplication
+public class App {
+    public static void main(String[] args) {
+        SpringApplication.run(App.class, args);
+    }
+}
+```
+
+### Constructor injection 의 service
+```java
+@Service
+public class OrderService {
+    private final OrderRepository repo;
+    private final PaymentClient payments;
+
+    public OrderService(OrderRepository repo, PaymentClient payments) {
+        this.repo = repo;
+        this.payments = payments;
+    }
+
+    public Order place(NewOrder cmd) {
+        var charge = payments.charge(cmd.amount());
+        return repo.save(new Order(cmd, charge.id()));
+    }
+}
+```
+
+### REST controller (Java 21 records)
+```java
+@RestController
+@RequestMapping("/orders")
+public class OrderController {
+    private final OrderService service;
+    public OrderController(OrderService s) { this.service = s; }
+
+    @PostMapping
+    public ResponseEntity<Order> create(@Valid @RequestBody NewOrder cmd) {
+        return ResponseEntity.status(201).body(service.place(cmd));
+    }
+}
+
+public record NewOrder(@NotBlank String sku, @Positive long amount) {}
+```
+
+### Spring Data JPA repository
+```java
+public interface OrderRepository extends JpaRepository<Order, Long> {
+    List<Order> findByCustomerIdAndCreatedAfter(Long customerId, Instant after);
+}
+```
+
+### Configuration properties
+```java
+@ConfigurationProperties("payments")
+public record PaymentsConfig(String url, Duration timeout, String apiKey) {}
+```
+
+```yaml
+# application.yml
+payments:
+  url: https://api.stripe.com
+  timeout: 5s
+  api-key: ${STRIPE_KEY}
+```
+
+### Virtual threads (Boot 3.2+, Java 21)
+```yaml
+spring:
+  threads:
+    virtual:
+      enabled: true
+```
+
+### WebFlux reactive endpoint
+```java
+@GetMapping("/stream")
+public Flux<Event> stream() {
+    return eventRepo.findAll().delayElements(Duration.ofMillis(100));
+}
+```
+
+### Test (slice)
+```java
+@WebMvcTest(OrderController.class)
+class OrderControllerTest {
+    @Autowired MockMvc mvc;
+    @MockBean OrderService service;
+
+    @Test
+    void createsOrder() throws Exception {
+        when(service.place(any())).thenReturn(new Order(1L, "sku", 100));
+        mvc.perform(post("/orders").contentType(APPLICATION_JSON)
+            .content("""{"sku":"sku","amount":100}"""))
+           .andExpect(status().isCreated());
+    }
+}
+```
+
+## 매 결정 기준
+| 상황 | Approach |
+|---|---|
+| Java enterprise backend | Spring Boot |
+| 매 reactive, high-concurrency I/O | WebFlux + R2DBC |
+| 매 traditional blocking I/O + Java 21 | Spring MVC + virtual threads |
+| Native binary (cold start, low memory) | Spring Boot AOT + GraalVM |
+| Lightweight Java (no DI ecosystem) | Quarkus / Micronaut / pure Javalin |
+
+**기본값**: Spring Boot 3.4 + Java 21 + virtual threads + Spring MVC.
+
+## 🔗 Graph
+- 부모: [[Inversion of Control]]
+- 변형: [[Spring Boot]]
+- 응용: [[Microservices]]
+
+## 🤖 LLM 활용
+**언제**: Java backend, 매 enterprise integration (JPA, security, messaging) 필요.
+**언제 X**: 매 ultra-low memory (serverless cold start) — Quarkus native 의 superior; 매 non-Java stack.
+
+## ❌ 안티패턴
+- **Field injection (`@Autowired` private field)**: 매 testability X, 매 final X. Constructor 의 사용.
+- **God `@Configuration`**: 매 100+ bean 의 한 file — 매 module 별 분리.
+- **`@Transactional` on private**: 매 proxy 의 work X. Public + self-injection 패턴.
+- **Boot 1.x / Java 8**: 매 EOL, 매 vulnerable, 매 upgrade.
+
+## 🧪 검증 / 중복
+- Verified (spring.io docs, Spring Boot 3.4 release notes 2025).
+- 신뢰도 A.
+
+## 🕓 Changelog
+| 날짜 | 변경 |
+|---|---|
+| 2026-05-08 | Phase 1 |
+| 2026-05-10 | Manual cleanup — Spring Boot 3.4 / Java 21 modern patterns |