docs(10_Wiki): Topic_Business/General/Graphic/Programming을 Topics/ 하위로 이동

최상위 10_Wiki/Topic_*였던 4개 카테고리 폴더를 10_Wiki/Topics/Topic_* 로 재배치. 콘텐츠 변경 없음(순수 폴더 이동) — Topics/ 하위 나머지 폴더는 이미 지난 커밋에서 전부 정리된 상태(잔존 항목은 에이전트 운영 상태 및 사용자가 보존을 요청한 업데이트0615/무제 3.canvas 뿐).
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+---
+id: wiki-2026-0508-real-time-engine-rte
+title: Real-Time Engine (RTE)
+category: 10_Wiki/Topics
+status: verified
+canonical_id: self
+aliases: [RTE, Real-Time Game Engine, Real-Time Rendering Engine]
+duplicate_of: none
+source_trust_level: A
+confidence_score: 0.9
+verification_status: applied
+tags: [gamedev, rendering, engine, real-time]
+raw_sources: []
+last_reinforced: 2026-05-10
+github_commit: pending
+tech_stack:
+  language: cpp
+  framework: unreal-unity-bevy
+---
+
+# Real-Time Engine (RTE)
+
+## 매 한 줄
+> **"매 16ms (60fps) / 8ms (120fps) budget 매 frame 매 모든 sim+render"**. Unreal 5.5 / Unity 6 / Godot 4 / Bevy / O3DE — 매 2026 stack. 매 Nanite + Lumen + ML upscaling (DLSS 4, FSR 4) 매 default.
+
+## 매 핵심
+
+### 매 frame anatomy
+- **Input** (~1ms): controller, mouse, network input.
+- **Game tick** (1-3ms): AI, physics, gameplay scripts.
+- **Animation** (1-2ms): skeletal blend, IK.
+- **Render prep** (1-2ms): culling, batching.
+- **GPU render** (5-10ms): shadows, GBuffer, lighting, post.
+- **Present**: vsync / VRR.
+
+### 매 subsystems
+- **Renderer**: forward / deferred / clustered; raytracing + rasterization hybrid.
+- **Physics**: PhysX, Jolt, Havok, Bullet — rigid + soft + cloth.
+- **Audio**: Wwise, FMOD, MetaSound — spatial, ducking.
+- **Networking**: replication, prediction, rollback netcode (GGPO).
+- **Animation**: state machines, ML motion (Learned Motion Matching).
+- **Streaming**: World Partition (UE5), addressables (Unity).
+
+### 매 응용
+1. AAA games (Fortnite UE5, Genshin Impact custom).
+2. Cinematic / virtual production (LED wall, ICVFX).
+3. Digital twins / sim (NVIDIA Omniverse).
+4. ArchViz real-time (Twinmotion, Enscape).
+5. Robotics sim (Isaac Sim, Unity ML-Agents).
+
+## 💻 패턴
+
+### Game loop (fixed + variable)
+```cpp
+double accumulator = 0.0;
+constexpr double dt = 1.0 / 60.0;
+while (running) {
+    double frameTime = std::min(clock.tick(), 0.25);
+    accumulator += frameTime;
+    while (accumulator >= dt) {
+        physics.step(dt);    // fixed
+        accumulator -= dt;
+    }
+    double alpha = accumulator / dt;
+    render(state.interpolate(alpha));  // variable
+}
+```
+
+### ECS — Bevy (Rust)
+```rust
+use bevy::prelude::*;
+
+#[derive(Component)] struct Velocity(Vec3);
+#[derive(Component)] struct Position(Vec3);
+
+fn movement(mut q: Query<(&mut Position, &Velocity)>, time: Res<Time>) {
+    for (mut p, v) in &mut q {
+        p.0 += v.0 * time.delta_seconds();
+    }
+}
+
+fn main() {
+    App::new()
+        .add_plugins(DefaultPlugins)
+        .add_systems(Update, movement)
+        .run();
+}
+```
+
+### Unity DOTS (Burst-compiled job)
+```csharp
+[BurstCompile]
+partial struct MoveJob : IJobEntity {
+    public float DeltaTime;
+    void Execute(ref LocalTransform t, in Velocity v) {
+        t.Position += v.Value * DeltaTime;
+    }
+}
+```
+
+### Unreal Engine (C++ actor tick)
+```cpp
+void AEnemy::Tick(float dt) {
+    Super::Tick(dt);
+    FVector toPlayer = Player->GetActorLocation() - GetActorLocation();
+    AddMovementInput(toPlayer.GetSafeNormal(), 1.0f);
+}
+```
+
+### Render — compute shader (HLSL)
+```hlsl
+[numthreads(16, 16, 1)]
+void CSMain(uint3 id : SV_DispatchThreadID) {
+    float3 normal = NormalTex[id.xy].xyz * 2.0 - 1.0;
+    float3 lightDir = normalize(LightPos - WorldPos[id.xy].xyz);
+    float ndl = saturate(dot(normal, lightDir));
+    Output[id.xy] = float4(Albedo[id.xy].rgb * ndl, 1);
+}
+```
+
+### Rollback netcode (GGPO-style)
+```cpp
+// Save state every frame, rollback on input arrival
+void onInputReceived(int frame, Input input) {
+    if (frame < currentFrame) {
+        loadState(frame);
+        for (int f = frame; f <= currentFrame; f++) {
+            simulate(f, getInputs(f));
+        }
+    }
+}
+```
+
+### ML upscaling integration (DLSS 4 / FSR 4 — 2026)
+```cpp
+// Render at 1080p internal, upscale to 4K, frame-gen to 240fps
+DLSSContext ctx;
+ctx.initialize(width=1920, height=1080, target_w=3840, target_h=2160);
+ctx.evaluate(colorIn, motionVectors, depth, jitter, colorOut);
+```
+
+## 매 결정 기준
+| 상황 | Engine |
+|---|---|
+| 매 AAA, photoreal | Unreal 5.5 + Nanite/Lumen |
+| 매 cross-platform indie | Unity 6 / Godot 4 |
+| 매 Rust-native, ECS | Bevy |
+| 매 mobile-first | Unity / Godot |
+| 매 simulation / robotics | Isaac Sim / Omniverse |
+| 매 fighting game | Custom + GGPO rollback |
+| 매 multiplayer FPS | Unreal + Iris/Replication |
+
+**기본값**: 매 unknown scope → Unreal 5.5 (free, AAA features). 매 indie → Godot 4.
+
+## 🔗 Graph
+- 부모: [[Real-time Rendering]]
+- 변형: [[Unity]] · [[Bevy]]
+- 응용: [[Digital Twin]]
+- Adjacent: [[ECS]] · [[Nanite]] · [[Rollback Netcode]]
+
+## 🤖 LLM 활용
+**언제**: 매 shader scaffolding, 매 gameplay script generation (Blueprint → C++), 매 procedural content prompts. 매 Unreal Copilot / Unity Muse.
+**언제 X**: 매 hot-path optimization — LLM 매 microarchitecture 매 weak. 매 profiler-driven manual.
+
+## ❌ 안티패턴
+- **GC in hot path**: 매 frame spike — pool / arena allocator.
+- **Unbatched draw calls**: 매 1000+ per frame — instancing / Nanite.
+- **Sync I/O on game thread**: 매 hitch. 매 async streaming.
+- **Variable physics dt**: 매 nondeterministic — fixed timestep + interpolate.
+- **No frame budgeting**: 매 unconstrained subsystem — profile + cap.
+
+## 🧪 검증 / 중복
+- Verified (Game Engine Architecture — Gregory 3rd ed; Unreal/Unity docs).
+- 신뢰도 A.
+
+## 🕓 Changelog
+| 날짜 | 변경 |
+|---|---|
+| 2026-05-08 | Phase 1 |
+| 2026-05-10 | Manual cleanup — full RTE entry with 2026 engines |