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id: wiki-2026-0508-architectural-constraint-enforce
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title: Architectural Constraint Enforcement
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category: 10_Wiki/Topics
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status: verified
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canonical_id: self
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aliases: [archunit, dependency-cruiser, fitness-functions]
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duplicate_of: none
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source_trust_level: A
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confidence_score: 0.9
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verification_status: applied
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tags: [architecture, fitness-functions, archunit, constraints]
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raw_sources: []
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last_reinforced: 2026-05-10
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github_commit: pending
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tech_stack:
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language: java
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framework: archunit
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---
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# Architectural Constraint Enforcement
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## 매 한 줄
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> **"매 architecture 의 자동으로 enforce 한다"**. 매 ArchUnit (2018, Java/Kotlin), Dependency-Cruiser (JS/TS), NetArchTest (.NET), Konsist (Kotlin) 의 fitness function 의 CI 통합. 매 *Building Evolutionary Architectures* (Ford, Parsons, Kua, 2017; 2nd ed 2023) 의 paradigm.
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## 매 핵심
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### 매 enforced rules (typical)
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- **Layer dependency**: 매 controller → service → repository — 매 reverse 의 X.
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- **Package isolation**: `domain` 의 framework import 의 X.
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- **Naming**: 매 `*Service` class 의 `service` package 의 only.
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- **Cyclic dependency**: 매 always X.
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- **API surface**: 매 `internal/*` 의 external module 의 import 의 X.
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### 매 fitness function categories (Ford)
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- **Atomic vs Holistic**: single attribute / system-wide.
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- **Triggered vs Continual**: CI gate / runtime probe.
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- **Static vs Dynamic**: code analysis / runtime metric.
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- **Automated vs Manual**: prefer automated.
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### 매 응용
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1. CI gate — 매 PR 의 violation 의 block.
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2. Refactor safety — 매 large refactor 의 invariant 의 hold.
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3. Onboarding — 매 implicit rule 의 explicit code 의 됨.
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## 💻 패턴
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### ArchUnit — layer enforcement (Java)
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```java
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import static com.tngtech.archunit.lang.syntax.ArchRuleDefinition.*;
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import com.tngtech.archunit.junit.AnalyzeClasses;
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import com.tngtech.archunit.junit.ArchTest;
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import com.tngtech.archunit.lang.ArchRule;
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@AnalyzeClasses(packages = "com.acme.banking")
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class LayerArchTest {
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@ArchTest
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static final ArchRule controllers_only_call_services =
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classes().that().resideInAPackage("..controller..")
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.should().onlyDependOnClassesThat()
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.resideInAnyPackage("..controller..", "..service..", "java..", "org.springframework..");
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@ArchTest
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static final ArchRule no_cycles =
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slices().matching("..banking.(*)..").should().beFreeOfCycles();
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@ArchTest
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static final ArchRule services_named_correctly =
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classes().that().resideInAPackage("..service..")
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.and().areNotInterfaces()
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.should().haveSimpleNameEndingWith("Service");
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}
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```
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### Dependency-Cruiser (TypeScript)
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```js
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// .dependency-cruiser.cjs
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module.exports = {
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forbidden: [
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{
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name: 'no-circular',
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severity: 'error',
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from: {},
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to: { circular: true }
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},
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{
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name: 'domain-pure',
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severity: 'error',
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from: { path: '^src/domain' },
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to: { path: '^(src/infra|node_modules/express)' }
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},
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{
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name: 'no-test-in-prod',
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severity: 'error',
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from: { pathNot: '\\.test\\.ts$' },
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to: { path: '\\.test\\.ts$' }
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}
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],
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options: { tsConfig: { fileName: 'tsconfig.json' } }
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};
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```
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```bash
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npx depcruise src --config .dependency-cruiser.cjs
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npx depcruise src --output-type dot | dot -T svg > deps.svg
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```
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### NetArchTest (.NET 8)
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```csharp
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using NetArchTest.Rules;
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using Xunit;
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public class ArchitectureTests {
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[Fact]
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public void Domain_ShouldNotDependOnInfrastructure() {
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var result = Types.InAssembly(typeof(Domain.Marker).Assembly)
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.That().ResideInNamespace("Acme.Domain")
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.ShouldNot().HaveDependencyOn("Acme.Infrastructure")
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.GetResult();
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Assert.True(result.IsSuccessful, string.Join(",", result.FailingTypeNames ?? []));
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}
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}
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```
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### Konsist (Kotlin)
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```kotlin
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import com.lemonappdev.konsist.api.Konsist
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import com.lemonappdev.konsist.api.verify.assertTrue
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class CleanArchitectureTest {
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@Test
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fun `domain layer does not depend on data layer`() {
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Konsist.scopeFromProduction()
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.files
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.filter { it.packagee?.fullyQualifiedName?.contains("domain") == true }
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.assertTrue { file ->
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file.imports.none { it.name.contains(".data.") }
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}
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}
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}
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```
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### Go — go-arch-lint
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```yaml
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# .go-arch-lint.yml
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version: 3
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workdir: internal
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components:
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domain: { in: domain/** }
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app: { in: app/** }
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infra: { in: infra/** }
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deps:
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domain: {}
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app: { mayDependOn: [domain] }
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infra: { mayDependOn: [domain, app] }
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```
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### Python — import-linter
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```ini
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# .importlinter
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[importlinter]
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root_package = acme
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[importlinter:contract:layers]
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name = Layered architecture
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type = layers
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layers =
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acme.api
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acme.service
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acme.domain
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```
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### CI integration (GitHub Actions)
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```yaml
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- name: Architecture tests
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run: |
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./gradlew archTest
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npx depcruise src --config .dependency-cruiser.cjs
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lint-imports
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```
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## 매 결정 기준
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| Stack | Tool |
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|---|---|
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| Java/Kotlin | ArchUnit, Konsist |
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| JS/TS | Dependency-Cruiser, eslint-plugin-boundaries |
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| .NET | NetArchTest |
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| Go | go-arch-lint |
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| Python | import-linter |
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| Polyglot | Sonargraph, Structure101 (commercial) |
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**기본값**: 매 ArchUnit (JVM) / Dependency-Cruiser (Node) — 매 OSS + CI-first.
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## 🔗 Graph
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- 부모: [[Software Architecture]] · [[Fitness Functions]]
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- 변형: [[Static-Analysis]]
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- 응용: [[CI CD]] · [[Architecture_Refactor]]
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- Adjacent: [[Architecture Erosion (아키텍처 침식)]] · [[Modular Monolith]]
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## 🤖 LLM 활용
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**언제**: 매 plain English rule → ArchUnit/depcruise config 의 translation, 매 violation message 의 fix suggestion.
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**언제 X**: 매 architecture 의 design 의 LLM-only delegation — 매 human ownership 의 필수.
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## ❌ 안티패턴
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- **Test exists, never runs**: 매 CI 의 not wired — 매 dead rule.
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- **Over-broad rule**: 매 100% violations 의 noise — 매 graduated rollback (allowlist).
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- **Rule without rationale**: 매 ADR-less rule — 매 future deletion 의 blocker.
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- **Ignore-list explosion**: 매 exception 의 100+ — 매 architecture 의 already eroded 의 sign.
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## 🧪 검증 / 중복
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- Verified (Ford et al., *Building Evolutionary Architectures* 2nd ed; ArchUnit user guide).
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- 신뢰도 A.
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## 🕓 Changelog
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| 날짜 | 변경 |
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|---|---|
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| 2026-05-08 | Phase 1 |
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| 2026-05-10 | Manual cleanup — fitness functions + ArchUnit/depcruise/NetArchTest patterns |
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