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+---
+id: wiki-2026-0508-아키텍처-패턴-지식
+title: 아키텍처 패턴 지식
+category: 10_Wiki/Topics
+status: verified
+canonical_id: self
+aliases: [Architecture Patterns, Architectural Styles]
+duplicate_of: none
+source_trust_level: A
+confidence_score: 0.9
+verification_status: applied
+tags: [architecture, patterns, design]
+raw_sources: []
+last_reinforced: 2026-05-10
+github_commit: pending
+tech_stack:
+  language: agnostic
+  framework: agnostic
+---
+
+# 아키텍처 패턴 지식
+
+## 매 한 줄
+> **"매 architectural pattern 은 매 recurring problem 의 매 reusable solution 으로, 매 trade-off 가 매 명시되어야 한다"**. Buschmann 의 매 POSA series (1996) 이래로, 매 modern catalog (Richards/Ford 2020, Vernon 2021) 는 매 microservices, event-driven, hexagonal, modular monolith, serverless 를 매 핵심으로 다룬다.
+
+## 매 핵심
+
+### 매 6 fundamental styles
+- **Layered (n-tier)**: presentation / business / data.
+- **Pipe & filter**: 매 streaming transformation chain.
+- **Microkernel (plugin)**: 매 core + 매 extension.
+- **Service-based**: 매 monolith → 매 coarse-grained services.
+- **Event-driven (broker / mediator)**: 매 async pub/sub.
+- **Space-based**: 매 in-memory data grid + 매 messaging.
+
+### 매 modern patterns
+- **Hexagonal (Ports & Adapters)**: 매 domain 매 framework-independent.
+- **Clean Architecture**: 매 dependency rule (outward → inward).
+- **CQRS**: 매 read / write 분리.
+- **Event Sourcing**: 매 state = 매 event sequence.
+- **Saga**: 매 distributed transaction via 매 compensation.
+- **BFF (Backend for Frontend)**: 매 client-specific gateway.
+
+### 매 응용
+1. 매 quality attribute → 매 pattern 매 mapping.
+2. 매 ADR 에서 매 chosen pattern 명시.
+3. 매 fitness function 으로 매 pattern adherence 검증.
+
+## 💻 패턴
+
+### Hexagonal (TypeScript)
+```typescript
+// domain/order.ts (pure)
+export class Order { confirm(): Order { /*...*/ } }
+
+// app/ports.ts
+export interface OrderRepo { save(o: Order): Promise<void>; }
+export interface PaymentGate { charge(amt: number): Promise<string>; }
+
+// app/place-order.ts (use case)
+export class PlaceOrder {
+  constructor(private repo: OrderRepo, private pay: PaymentGate) {}
+  async run(cart: Cart): Promise<Order> {
+    const txn = await this.pay.charge(cart.total);
+    const order = new Order(cart, txn).confirm();
+    await this.repo.save(order);
+    return order;
+  }
+}
+
+// infra/postgres-order-repo.ts (adapter)
+export class PgOrderRepo implements OrderRepo { /*...*/ }
+```
+
+### Event-driven (Kafka, Java)
+```java
+@KafkaListener(topics = "orders.placed")
+public void onOrderPlaced(OrderPlacedEvent e) {
+    inventoryService.reserve(e.items());
+    kafka.send("inventory.reserved",
+        new InventoryReservedEvent(e.orderId(), e.items()));
+}
+```
+
+### CQRS (.NET 9)
+```csharp
+public record PlaceOrderCommand(Guid Id, List<Item> Items);
+public record OrderSummaryQuery(Guid Id);
+
+public class CommandHandler : IRequestHandler<PlaceOrderCommand, Unit> {
+    public async Task<Unit> Handle(PlaceOrderCommand cmd, CancellationToken ct) {
+        await writeDb.SaveAsync(new Order(cmd));
+        await bus.PublishAsync(new OrderPlaced(cmd.Id));
+        return Unit.Value;
+    }
+}
+
+public class QueryHandler : IRequestHandler<OrderSummaryQuery, OrderSummary> {
+    public Task<OrderSummary> Handle(OrderSummaryQuery q, CancellationToken ct)
+        => readReplica.GetAsync<OrderSummary>(q.Id);
+}
+```
+
+### Saga (orchestration, Temporal)
+```python
+@workflow.defn
+class CheckoutWorkflow:
+    @workflow.run
+    async def run(self, order: Order) -> str:
+        try:
+            payment = await workflow.execute_activity(charge, order)
+            inv = await workflow.execute_activity(reserve, order)
+            ship = await workflow.execute_activity(ship, order)
+            return ship.tracking_id
+        except ActivityError:
+            await workflow.execute_activity(refund, payment)
+            await workflow.execute_activity(release_inventory, inv)
+            raise
+```
+
+### Modular Monolith (Spring Modulith)
+```java
+@Modulith(systemName = "Shop", sharedModules = "shared")
+@SpringBootApplication
+public class ShopApp { }
+
+// inventory/InventoryService.java — package-private
+@ApplicationModuleListener
+void on(OrderPlaced e) { reserve(e.items()); }
+```
+
+## 매 결정 기준
+| 상황 | Pattern |
+|---|---|
+| 매 startup, single team | Modular monolith |
+| 매 read >> write | CQRS |
+| 매 audit / temporal queries | Event Sourcing |
+| 매 cross-service workflow | Saga (Temporal / orchestration) |
+| 매 polyglot frontends | BFF |
+| 매 high event throughput | Event-driven (Kafka) |
+
+**기본값**: 매 modular monolith 시작 → 매 evidence 기반 매 split.
+
+## 🔗 Graph
+- 부모: [[소프트웨어 아키텍처 설계]]
+- 변형: [[Microservices]] · [[Cloud_Native|Modular Monolith]] · [[Hexagonal Architecture]]
+- 응용: [[CQRS]] · [[Event Sourcing]] · [[Saga]] · [[BFF]]
+- Adjacent: [[DDD]] · [[Clean Architecture]]
+
+## 🤖 LLM 활용
+**언제**: 매 pattern selection rationale / 매 trade-off 비교 / 매 boilerplate generation.
+**언제 X**: 매 final architecture decision — 매 senior architect review 필수.
+
+## ❌ 안티패턴
+- **Pattern over-application**: 매 모든 곳 매 microservice.
+- **Mixing CQRS + sync read-after-write**: 매 consistency expectation 위반.
+- **Saga without compensation test**: 매 partial failure 매 silent.
+- **Hexagonal in name only**: 매 domain 매 framework annotations 의 침투.
+
+## 🧪 검증 / 중복
+- Verified (Richards & Ford, *Software Architecture: The Hard Parts*; Vernon, *Strategic Monoliths and Microservices*; Buschmann, *POSA Vol 1*).
+- 신뢰도 A.
+
+## 🕓 Changelog
+| 날짜 | 변경 |
+|---|---|
+| 2026-05-08 | Phase 1 |
+| 2026-05-10 | Manual cleanup — hexagonal/CQRS/saga/modulith 패턴 추가 |