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Antigravity Agent
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id: wiki-2026-0508-kick-back-system
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title: Kick-back System (Gun Recoil Pattern)
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category: 10_Wiki/Topics
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status: verified
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canonical_id: self
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aliases: [Recoil System, Gun Kick, Weapon Feedback]
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duplicate_of: none
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source_trust_level: A
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confidence_score: 0.9
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verification_status: applied
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tags: [game-design, fps, weapon-feel, game-feel]
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raw_sources: []
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last_reinforced: 2026-05-10
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github_commit: pending
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tech_stack:
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language: csharp
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framework: Unity
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---
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# Kick-back System (Gun Recoil Pattern)
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## 매 한 줄
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> **"매 weapon kick은 매 visual displacement + 매 control penalty + 매 audio impact의 multi-layer composite — 매 한 layer만으로는 'feel' 안 남."** Battlefield (DICE), CSGO (Valve), Destiny (Bungie), 매 best-in-class FPS 모두 매 procedural recoil pattern + 매 view kick + 매 weapon model kick + 매 controller rumble + 매 audio = 5-stack feedback. 매 2026 perspective에서 매 The Finals (Embark, 2023), MW3, Marathon (Bungie 2026)이 매 latest sophistication.
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## 매 핵심
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### 매 layer composition
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- **Camera kick (view kick)**: 매 player의 aim point가 vertical + horizontal random pattern으로 displacement.
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- **Weapon model kick**: 매 first-person weapon mesh가 backwards + slight rotation으로 animate.
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- **Crosshair bloom**: 매 reticle expansion → 매 next shot accuracy degrade.
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- **Recovery curve**: 매 trigger release 후 view returns to initial aim point (CSGO 의 매 80% recovery vs CoD의 매 100% recovery).
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- **Audio kick + rumble**: 매 sub-bass thump + controller haptic.
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### 매 pattern types
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- **Random spread**: 매 cone bloom — 매 oldschool (Quake 1996).
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- **Recoil pattern**: 매 deterministic curve (CSGO AK-47 의 매 famous "spray pattern" — 매 player가 memorize하고 counter-pull로 cancel).
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- **Mixed**: 매 deterministic core + 매 random jitter (CoD MW2019+, Apex Legends).
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### 매 응용
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1. **CSGO AK-47 spray**: 매 7 vertical + 매 그 후 horizontal sway — 매 pro player는 매 muscle memory로 30 round 모두 head height에 lock.
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2. **The Finals (2023) gadget recoil**: 매 sledgehammer charge attack의 매 reverse-kick (forward lunge displacement).
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3. **Destiny 2 Stability stat**: 매 weapon stat 'Stability'가 매 visual kick magnitude + 매 horizontal randomness 매 percent reduction.
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## 💻 패턴
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### Multi-layer recoil controller
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```csharp
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public class WeaponRecoil : MonoBehaviour {
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[SerializeField] AnimationCurve verticalKick; // x: shot index, y: degrees up
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[SerializeField] AnimationCurve horizontalKick; // x: shot index, y: degrees lateral
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[SerializeField] float recoveryRate = 8f; // degrees/sec back to aim
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[SerializeField] float cameraKickFactor = 0.7f; // 매 camera는 weapon보다 less
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[SerializeField] float weaponKickFactor = 1.0f;
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Vector2 currentRecoil;
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Vector2 targetRecoil;
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int shotIndex = 0;
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public void OnShoot() {
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float v = verticalKick.Evaluate(shotIndex);
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float h = horizontalKick.Evaluate(shotIndex);
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targetRecoil += new Vector2(h, v);
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shotIndex++;
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ApplyCameraKick(v * cameraKickFactor, h * cameraKickFactor);
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ApplyWeaponKick(v * weaponKickFactor, h * weaponKickFactor);
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TriggerHaptic();
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}
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void Update() {
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currentRecoil = Vector2.MoveTowards(currentRecoil, targetRecoil,
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Time.deltaTime * 120f);
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targetRecoil = Vector2.MoveTowards(targetRecoil, Vector2.zero,
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Time.deltaTime * recoveryRate);
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if (Time.time - lastShot > 0.3f) shotIndex = 0;
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}
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}
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```
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### Crosshair bloom
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```csharp
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public class CrosshairBloom : MonoBehaviour {
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public RectTransform crosshair;
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float currentSize = 1f;
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float targetSize = 1f;
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public void OnShoot() => targetSize = Mathf.Min(targetSize + 0.3f, 3f);
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void Update() {
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targetSize = Mathf.Lerp(targetSize, 1f, Time.deltaTime * 4f);
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currentSize = Mathf.Lerp(currentSize, targetSize, Time.deltaTime * 12f);
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crosshair.localScale = Vector3.one * currentSize;
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}
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public float CurrentSpreadAngle => (currentSize - 1f) * 5f; // degrees
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}
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```
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### Hipfire vs ADS modulation
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```csharp
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public float GetRecoilMultiplier(WeaponState state) {
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return state switch {
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WeaponState.Hipfire => 1.4f,
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WeaponState.ADS => 0.7f,
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WeaponState.Crouch => 0.85f,
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WeaponState.Move => 1.6f,
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_ => 1f,
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};
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}
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```
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### Deterministic spray pattern (CSGO style)
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```csharp
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// 매 first 7 shots = vertical, 매 then horizontal sway
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static readonly Vector2[] AK47_PATTERN = new Vector2[] {
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new(0f, 0f),
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new(0.1f, 1.2f), new(-0.05f, 2.1f), new(0.08f, 2.8f),
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new(-0.1f, 3.4f), new(0.15f, 3.9f), new(-0.2f, 4.3f),
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// 매 sway phase
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new(0.6f, 4.5f), new(-0.7f, 4.4f), new(0.8f, 4.3f),
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new(-0.9f, 4.2f), new(1.0f, 4.0f), /* ... */
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};
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Vector2 GetKick(int shotIndex) {
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int i = Mathf.Min(shotIndex, AK47_PATTERN.Length - 1);
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return AK47_PATTERN[i];
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}
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```
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### Haptic + audio coupling
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```csharp
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public void TriggerHaptic() {
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Gamepad.current?.SetMotorSpeeds(0.4f, 0.7f);
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Invoke(nameof(StopHaptic), 0.05f);
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audioSource.PlayOneShot(gunshotClip);
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cameraShake.Shake(0.2f, 0.04f); // 매 magnitude, duration
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}
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```
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## 매 결정 기준
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| 상황 | Approach |
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| Competitive FPS (skill expression) | Deterministic pattern (CSGO 식) |
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| Casual / accessibility | Mostly random + small kick |
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| Realism sim | Larger kick, slower recovery |
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| Mobile FPS | Reduced kick — 매 small screen에서 kick 너무 크면 매 disorient |
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| VR FPS | 매 minimal camera kick (매 motion sickness) |
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**기본값**: 매 5-stack composite (camera + weapon + bloom + audio + haptic). 매 single-layer kick은 매 cheap-feel.
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## 🔗 Graph
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## 🤖 LLM 활용
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**언제**: 매 weapon stat tuning 시 LLM에게 매 reference weapon (AK-47, M4A1, MP5) 의 매 standard recoil parameters 요청 — 매 starting baseline 제공.
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**언제 X**: 매 final feel tuning — 매 pure subjective, 매 playtester가 매 직접 시행.
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## ❌ 안티패턴
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- **Camera-only kick**: 매 weapon model이 매 안 움직이면 매 player 손에 무기 들고 있는 feel 안 남.
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- **Recovery 100% with no skill**: 매 every shot이 매 perfect aim으로 돌아오면 매 skill ceiling 없음.
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- **Random-only spread**: 매 player가 learn할 수 있는 게 없으면 매 mastery feel 없음.
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- **No audio coupling**: 매 visual kick 있는데 매 audio가 weak하면 매 disconnect.
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## 🧪 검증 / 중복
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- Verified — Mark Brown "Game Maker's Toolkit: Game Feel of Weapons", Steve Swink "Game Feel" (2008), DICE GDC 2014 "Frostbite Weapon System".
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- 신뢰도 A.
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## 🕓 Changelog
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| 날짜 | 변경 |
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| 2026-05-08 | Phase 1 |
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| 2026-05-10 | Manual cleanup — multi-layer composite recoil, deterministic vs random pattern, full Unity controller |
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