docs(10_Wiki): W3Schools 위키화 — HTML/CSS/JavaScript(core)
W3Schools 튜토리얼을 P-Reinforce v3.1 포맷으로 위키화(영어 본문, 한/영 섹션 헤더). - Topic_HTML: 59문서 (튜토리얼+예제, 레퍼런스/메타 제외) - Topic_CSS: 190문서 (메인 + Advanced/Flexbox/Grid/RWD 전체) - Topic_JavaScript: 120문서 (코어 언어; Temporal/DOM상세/BOM/WebAPI/AJAX/jQuery/Graphics 등은 후속) 각 폴더 00_INDEX.md(MOC) 포함. 코드 verbatim, 미확인분은 "Not found in source" 표기. Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.8 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com>
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id: javascript-where-to
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title: "JavaScript Where To"
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category: "Frontend"
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status: "draft"
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verification_status: "conceptual"
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canonical_id: ""
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aliases: ["script tag", "external JavaScript", "JS placement", "script src", "where to put JavaScript"]
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duplicate_of: ""
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source_trust_level: "B"
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confidence_score: 0.89
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created_at: 2026-06-23
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updated_at: 2026-06-23
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review_reason: ""
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merge_history: []
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tags: ["javascript", "js", "web", "frontend", "w3schools", "script-tag", "external-js"]
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raw_sources: ["https://www.w3schools.com/js/js_whereto.asp"]
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applied_in: []
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github_commit: ""
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---
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# [[JavaScript Where To]]
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## 🎯 한 줄 통찰 (One-line insight)
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JavaScript can live inside the HTML `<head>`, the `<body>`, or in a separate external `.js` file referenced with `<script src="...">` — and placing scripts at the bottom of the body improves display speed. [S1]
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## 🧠 핵심 개념 (Core concepts)
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- **The `<script>` tag** — JavaScript code in HTML is inserted between `<script>` and `</script>` tags. [S1]
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- **`type` is optional** — The `type` attribute is not required; JavaScript is the default scripting language. [S1]
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- **Functions and events** — Functions are blocks of code executed when called, often triggered by events such as a button click. [S1]
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- **Placement is flexible** — Scripts can be placed in `<head>`, `<body>`, or both. [S1]
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- **External files** — JavaScript can be stored in external files and referenced with the `src` attribute on a `<script>` tag. [S1]
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## 🧩 추출된 패턴 (Extracted patterns)
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- **Script-at-bottom pattern** — placing scripts at the bottom of the `<body>` element improves the display speed (the script doesn't block page rendering). [S1]
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- **Externalize-and-reference pattern** — move function definitions into a `.js` file and link it with `<script src="...">` to separate HTML from code and enable caching. [S1]
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- **Multiple references** — an external script can be referenced with a full URL, an absolute path, or just a filename. [S1]
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## 📖 세부 내용 (Details)
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**The `<script>` Tag** — JavaScript code in HTML is inserted between `<script>` and `</script>` tags. [S1]
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```html
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<script>
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document.getElementById("demo").innerHTML = "My First JavaScript";
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</script>
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```
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The `type` attribute is not required; JavaScript is the default scripting language. [S1]
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**JavaScript Functions and Events** — Functions are blocks of code that are executed when "called for", often triggered by events like a button click. [S1]
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**JavaScript in `<head>` or `<body>`** — Scripts can be placed in either section, or both. [S1]
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**JavaScript in `<head>`** — A function placed in the head section, invoked by a button click: [S1]
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```html
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<!DOCTYPE html>
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<html>
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<head>
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<script>
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function myFunction() {
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document.getElementById("demo").innerHTML = "Paragraph changed.";
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}
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</script>
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</head>
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<body>
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<h2>Demo JavaScript in Head</h2>
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<p id="demo">A Paragraph</p>
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<button type="button" onclick="myFunction()">Try it</button>
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</body>
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</html>
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```
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**JavaScript in `<body>`** — The same function placed in the body section. Placing scripts at the bottom of the `<body>` element improves the display speed. [S1]
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```html
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<!DOCTYPE html>
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<html>
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<body>
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<h2>Demo JavaScript in Body</h2>
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<p id="demo">A Paragraph</p>
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<button type="button" onclick="myFunction()">Try it</button>
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<script>
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function myFunction() {
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document.getElementById("demo").innerHTML = "Paragraph changed.";
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}
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</script>
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</body>
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</html>
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```
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**External JavaScript** — Scripts can be placed in external files (e.g. `myScript.js`). External scripts are practical when the same code is used in many different web pages. The external file contains the function only, with no `<script>` tags: [S1]
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```javascript
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function myFunction() {
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document.getElementById("demo").innerHTML = "Paragraph changed.";
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}
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```
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To use an external script, put the name of the script file in the `src` (source) attribute of a `<script>` tag: [S1]
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```html
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<script src="myScript.js"></script>
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```
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**External JavaScript Advantages** — Placing scripts in external files: separates HTML and code, makes HTML and JavaScript easier to read and maintain, and cached JavaScript files can speed up page loads. [S1]
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**External References** — An external script can be referenced in three different ways: with a full URL, with a file path, or without any path. [S1]
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```html
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<script src="https://www.w3schools.com/js/myScript.js"></script>
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```
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```html
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<script src="/js/myScript.js"></script>
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```
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```html
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<script src="myScript.js"></script>
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```
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## 🛠️ 적용 사례 (Applied in summary)
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The page's own snippets are the canonical applied examples — embedding a `<script>` in head vs body, factoring `myFunction()` into `myScript.js`, and the three `<script src>` reference styles. No external project/commit applications found in the source.
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## 💻 코드 패턴 (Code patterns)
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Inline script in HTML:
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```html
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<script>
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document.getElementById("demo").innerHTML = "My First JavaScript";
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</script>
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```
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Reference an external file:
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```html
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<script src="myScript.js"></script>
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```
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## ⚖️ 모순 및 업데이트 (Contradictions & updates)
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No contradictions found in the source.
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## ✅ 검증 상태 및 신뢰도
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- **상태:** draft
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- **검증 단계:** conceptual (실제 적용 사례 발견 시 applied/validated로 승격 가능)
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- **출처 신뢰도:** B (W3Schools — widely used educational reference, not a primary standards body)
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- **신뢰 점수:** 0.89
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- **중복 검사 결과:** 신규 생성 (New discovery)
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## 🔗 지식 그래프 (Knowledge Graph)
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- **상위/루트:** [[JavaScript Tutorial]]
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- **관련 개념:** [[JavaScript Introduction]], [[JavaScript Output]], [[JavaScript Syntax]]
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- **참조 맥락:** Referenced whenever deciding how and where to attach JavaScript to an HTML document.
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## 📚 출처 (Sources)
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- [S1] W3Schools — JavaScript Where To — https://www.w3schools.com/js/js_whereto.asp
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## 📝 변경 이력 (Change history)
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- 2026-06-23: Initial draft synthesized from the W3Schools "JavaScript Where To" page (Astra wiki-curation, P-Reinforce v3.1 format).
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