docs(10_Wiki): W3Schools 위키화 — HTML/CSS/JavaScript(core)

W3Schools 튜토리얼을 P-Reinforce v3.1 포맷으로 위키화(영어 본문, 한/영 섹션 헤더).
- Topic_HTML: 59문서 (튜토리얼+예제, 레퍼런스/메타 제외)
- Topic_CSS: 190문서 (메인 + Advanced/Flexbox/Grid/RWD 전체)
- Topic_JavaScript: 120문서 (코어 언어; Temporal/DOM상세/BOM/WebAPI/AJAX/jQuery/Graphics 등은 후속)
각 폴더 00_INDEX.md(MOC) 포함. 코드 verbatim, 미확인분은 "Not found in source" 표기.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.8 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com>
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---
id: html-entities
title: "HTML Entities"
category: "Frontend"
status: "draft"
verification_status: "conceptual"
canonical_id: ""
aliases: ["character entities", "reserved characters", "non-breaking space", "nbsp", "entity name", "entity number", "diacritical marks"]
duplicate_of: ""
source_trust_level: "B"
confidence_score: 0.90
created_at: 2026-06-23
updated_at: 2026-06-23
review_reason: ""
merge_history: []
tags: ["html", "web", "frontend", "w3schools", "entities", "characters"]
raw_sources: ["https://www.w3schools.com/html/html_entities.asp"]
applied_in: []
github_commit: ""
---
# [[HTML Entities]]
## 🎯 한 줄 통찰 (One-line insight)
Reserved characters in HTML must be replaced with entities — written as an entity name (`&name;`) or an entity number (`&#number;`) — so the browser does not confuse them with tags. [S1]
## 🧠 핵심 개념 (Core concepts)
- **Reserved characters need entities** — characters like `<` and `>` are reserved; if used directly in text, the browser might mix them up with tags. [S1]
- **Two entity forms** — entity names (`&entity_name;`) or entity numbers (`&#entity_number;`) can both display reserved characters. [S1]
- **Names are easier** — entity names are easier to remember than entity numbers. [S1]
- **Names are case sensitive** — entity names must use the correct case. [S1]
- **Non-breaking space (`&nbsp;`)** — a space that will not break into a new line and prevents the browser from truncating consecutive spaces. [S1]
- **Combining diacritical marks** — marks can combine with alphanumeric characters to produce characters not present in the page's encoding. [S1]
## 🧩 추출된 패턴 (Extracted patterns)
- **Less-than** — `&lt;` or `&#60;` displays `<`. [S1]
- **Greater-than** — `&gt;` or `&#62;` displays `>`. [S1]
- **Ampersand** — `&amp;` displays `&`. [S1]
- **Non-breaking space** — `&nbsp;` keeps two words on the same line (e.g. `10 km/h`, `10 PM`) and adds real spaces. [S1]
- **Combining mark** — base char + mark number, e.g. `a&#768;``à`. [S1]
## 📖 세부 내용 (Details)
**Reserved characters**
Some characters are reserved in HTML. If you use the less-than (`<`) or greater-than (`>`) signs in your HTML text, the browser might mix them with tags. Entity names or entity numbers can be used to display reserved HTML characters. [S1]
- `<` (less than) = `&lt;`
- `>` (greater than) = `&gt;`
**Entity syntax**
An entity is written either as a name or as a number: [S1]
```text
&entity_name;
&#entity_number;
```
For example, to display a less-than sign (`<`) we must write `&lt;` or `&#60;`. Entity names are easier to remember than entity numbers. [S1]
> Note: Entity names are case sensitive. [S1]
**Non-breaking space**
A commonly used HTML entity is the non-breaking space: `&nbsp;`. A non-breaking space is a space that will not break into a new line. Two words separated by a non-breaking space will stick together (not break into a new line). This is handy when breaking the words might be disruptive, for example: [S1]
- `§ 10`
- `10 km/h`
- `10 PM`
Another common use of the non-breaking space is to prevent browsers from truncating spaces in HTML pages. If you write 10 spaces in your text, the browser will remove 9 of them; to add real spaces to your text, you can use the `&nbsp;` character entity. The non-breaking hyphen (`&#8209;`) is used to define a hyphen character (``) that does not break into a new line. [S1]
**Some useful HTML character entities**
| Result | Description | Name | Number |
|---|---|---|---|
| (space) | non-breaking space | `&nbsp;` | `&#160;` |
| < | less than | `&lt;` | `&#60;` |
| > | greater than | `&gt;` | `&#62;` |
| & | ampersand | `&amp;` | `&#38;` |
| " | double quotation mark | `&quot;` | `&#34;` |
| ' | single quotation mark | `&apos;` | `&#39;` |
| ¢ | cent | `&cent;` | `&#162;` |
| £ | pound | `&pound;` | `&#163;` |
| ¥ | yen | `&yen;` | `&#165;` |
| € | euro | `&euro;` | `&#8364;` |
| © | copyright | `&copy;` | `&#169;` |
| ® | registered trademark | `&reg;` | `&#174;` |
| ™ | trademark | `&trade;` | `&#8482;` |
[S1]
**Combining diacritical marks**
A diacritical mark is a "glyph" added to a letter. Some diacritical marks, like grave ( ̀) and acute ( ́), are called accents. Diacritical marks can be used in combination with alphanumeric characters to produce a character that is not present in the character set (encoding) used in the page. [S1]
| Mark | Character | Construct | Result |
|---|---|---|---|
| ̀ | a | `a&#768;` | à |
| ́ | a | `a&#769;` | á |
| ̂ | a | `a&#770;` | â |
| ̃ | a | `a&#771;` | ã |
| ̀ | O | `O&#768;` | Ò |
| ́ | O | `O&#769;` | Ó |
| ̂ | O | `O&#770;` | Ô |
| ̃ | O | `O&#771;` | Õ |
[S1]
## 🛠️ 적용 사례 (Applied in summary)
The reserved-character substitutions (`&lt;`, `&gt;`, `&amp;`), the `&nbsp;` usage examples (`10 km/h`, `10 PM`, preserving spaces), and the combining-mark constructs (`a&#768;` → à) are the canonical applied examples. No external project/commit applications found in the source.
## 💻 코드 패턴 (Code patterns)
Display a literal less-than sign:
```html
&lt;
&#60;
```
Keep two words on the same line:
```html
10&nbsp;km/h
```
Combine a base character with a diacritical mark:
```html
a&#768; <!-- renders as à -->
```
## ⚖️ 비교 및 선택 기준 (Comparison & decision criteria)
- **Entity name (`&lt;`)** — easier to remember; case sensitive. [S1]
- **Entity number (`&#60;`)** — numeric alternative producing the same character. [S1]
## ⚖️ 모순 및 업데이트 (Contradictions & updates)
No contradictions found in the source.
## ✅ 검증 상태 및 신뢰도
- **상태:** draft
- **검증 단계:** conceptual (실제 적용 사례 발견 시 applied/validated로 승격 가능)
- **출처 신뢰도:** B (W3Schools — widely used educational reference, not a primary standards body)
- **신뢰 점수:** 0.90
- **중복 검사 결과:** 신규 생성 (New discovery)
## 🔗 지식 그래프 (Knowledge Graph)
- **상위/루트:** [[HTML Tutorial]]
- **관련 개념:** [[HTML Symbols]], [[HTML Charset]], [[HTML Formatting]], [[HTML Introduction]]
- **참조 맥락:** Referenced whenever reserved characters, special symbols, real spaces, or accented characters must be displayed safely in HTML text.
## 📚 출처 (Sources)
- [S1] W3Schools — HTML Entities — https://www.w3schools.com/html/html_entities.asp
## 📝 변경 이력 (Change history)
- 2026-06-23: Initial draft synthesized from the W3Schools "HTML Entities" page (Astra wiki-curation, P-Reinforce v3.1 format).