docs(10_Wiki): W3Schools 위키화 — HTML/CSS/JavaScript(core)
W3Schools 튜토리얼을 P-Reinforce v3.1 포맷으로 위키화(영어 본문, 한/영 섹션 헤더). - Topic_HTML: 59문서 (튜토리얼+예제, 레퍼런스/메타 제외) - Topic_CSS: 190문서 (메인 + Advanced/Flexbox/Grid/RWD 전체) - Topic_JavaScript: 120문서 (코어 언어; Temporal/DOM상세/BOM/WebAPI/AJAX/jQuery/Graphics 등은 후속) 각 폴더 00_INDEX.md(MOC) 포함. 코드 verbatim, 미확인분은 "Not found in source" 표기. Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.8 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com>
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id: css-hsl-colors
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title: "CSS HSL Colors"
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category: "Frontend"
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status: "draft"
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verification_status: "conceptual"
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canonical_id: ""
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aliases: ["HSL", "hsl()", "HSLA", "hsla()", "hue saturation lightness", "CSS HSL values"]
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duplicate_of: ""
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source_trust_level: "B"
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confidence_score: 0.88
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created_at: 2026-06-23
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updated_at: 2026-06-23
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review_reason: ""
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merge_history: []
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tags: ["css", "web", "frontend", "w3schools", "color", "hsl", "hsla"]
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raw_sources: ["https://www.w3schools.com/css/css_colors_hsl.asp"]
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applied_in: []
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github_commit: ""
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---
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# [[CSS HSL Colors]]
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## 🎯 한 줄 통찰 (One-line insight)
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HSL specifies a color by hue, saturation, and lightness — `hsl(hue, saturation, lightness)` — and `hsla()` adds an alpha channel (0.0–1.0) for opacity. [S1]
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## 🧠 핵심 개념 (Core concepts)
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- **HSL = Hue, Saturation, Lightness.** [S1]
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- **Syntax** — `hsl(hue, saturation, lightness)`. [S1]
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- **Hue** — a degree on the color wheel from 0 to 360: 0 (or 360) is red, 120 is green, 240 is blue. [S1]
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- **Saturation** — a percentage value: 0% means a shade of gray, and 100% is the full color. [S1]
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- **Lightness** — a percentage: 0% is black, 50% is neither dark nor light, 100% is white. [S1]
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- **HSLA** — extends HSL with an alpha channel for opacity: `hsla(hue, saturation, lightness, alpha)`, alpha 0.0 (transparent) to 1.0 (opaque). [S1]
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## 🧩 추출된 패턴 (Extracted patterns)
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- **Saturation controls vividness** — lowering saturation toward 0% washes a color out toward gray while keeping hue and lightness fixed. [S1]
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- **Lightness controls brightness** — sweeping lightness from 0% to 100% moves any hue from black through full color to white. [S1]
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- **Gray via HSL** — set hue and saturation to 0 and vary only lightness to produce shades of gray. [S1]
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## 📖 세부 내용 (Details)
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**HSL Value**
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HSL stands for hue, saturation, and lightness. An HSL color value is specified with `hsl(hue, saturation, lightness)`. Hue is a degree on the color wheel from 0 to 360, where 0 is red, 120 is green, and 240 is blue. Saturation is a percentage value: 0% means a shade of gray, and 100% is the full color. Lightness is also a percentage: 0% is black, 50% is neither dark nor light, and 100% is white. [S1]
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**Saturation**
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With hue at 0 (red) and lightness at 50%, varying the saturation demonstrates the effect: [S1]
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```css
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hsl(0, 100%, 50%)
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hsl(0, 80%, 50%)
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hsl(0, 60%, 50%)
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hsl(0, 40%, 50%)
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hsl(0, 20%, 50%)
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hsl(0, 0%, 50%)
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```
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**Lightness**
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With hue at 0 (red) and saturation at 100%, varying the lightness demonstrates the effect from no light (black) through full color to full lightness (white). The page shows this across lightness values ranging from 0% to 100%: [S1]
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```css
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hsl(0, 100%, 0%) /* 0% = black */
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hsl(0, 100%, 100%) /* 100% = white */
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```
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(Intermediate lightness swatches appear on the page but their exact numeric values are: Not found in source.)
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**Shades of Gray**
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Shades of gray are often defined by setting the hue and saturation to 0 and adjusting the lightness from 0% (black) to 100% (white): [S1]
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```css
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hsl(0, 0%, 0%) /* black */
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hsl(0, 0%, 100%) /* white */
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```
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(Intermediate gray lightness values between these endpoints are shown as swatches on the page but their exact numeric values are: Not found in source.)
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**HSLA Value**
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HSLA color values are an extension of HSL with an alpha channel, which specifies the opacity for a color. An HSLA color value is specified with `hsla(hue, saturation, lightness, alpha)`, where the alpha parameter is a number between 0.0 (fully transparent) and 1.0 (not transparent at all). [S1]
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The page demonstrates the same color at increasing opacity: [S1]
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```css
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hsla(9, 100%, 64%, 0)
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hsla(9, 100%, 64%, 0.2)
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hsla(9, 100%, 64%, 0.4)
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hsla(9, 100%, 64%, 0.6)
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hsla(9, 100%, 64%, 0.8)
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hsla(9, 100%, 64%, 1)
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```
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## 🛠️ 적용 사례 (Applied in summary)
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The color values above are the page's own demonstration examples. No external project/commit applications found in the source.
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## 💻 코드 패턴 (Code patterns)
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HSL function (language: CSS):
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```css
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selector {
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color: hsl(hue, saturation, lightness); /* hue 0–360; sat/light 0%–100% */
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}
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```
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HSLA function with opacity:
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```css
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selector {
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color: hsla(hue, saturation, lightness, alpha); /* alpha 0.0–1.0 */
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}
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```
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## ⚖️ 비교 및 선택 기준 (Comparison & decision criteria)
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- **HSL vs HSLA** — use `hsl()` for an opaque color described intuitively by hue/saturation/lightness; use `hsla()` when an opacity (alpha) value from 0.0 to 1.0 is also required. [S1]
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## ⚖️ 모순 및 업데이트 (Contradictions & updates)
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No contradictions found in the source.
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## ✅ 검증 상태 및 신뢰도
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- **상태:** draft
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- **검증 단계:** conceptual (실제 적용 사례 발견 시 applied/validated로 승격 가능)
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- **출처 신뢰도:** B (W3Schools — widely used educational reference, not a primary standards body)
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- **신뢰 점수:** 0.88
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- **중복 검사 결과:** 신규 생성 (New discovery)
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## 🔗 지식 그래프 (Knowledge Graph)
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- **상위/루트:** [[CSS Tutorial]]
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- **관련 개념:** [[CSS RGB]], [[CSS HEX]], [[CSS Colors]], [[CSS Background Color]]
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- **참조 맥락:** Referenced whenever a color is described perceptually by hue, saturation, and lightness, or when an opacity channel is needed via HSLA.
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## 📚 출처 (Sources)
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- [S1] W3Schools — CSS HSL Colors — https://www.w3schools.com/css/css_colors_hsl.asp
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## 📝 변경 이력 (Change history)
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- 2026-06-23: Initial draft synthesized from the W3Schools "CSS HSL Colors" page (Astra wiki-curation, P-Reinforce v3.1 format).
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