docs(10_Wiki): 위키 전체 재구성 — Topic_* 폴더를 4개 카테고리로 통합 + 대규모 중복 제거

Topic_Agent/Topic_Blog/Topics/Topics_Biz/Topics_Meeting/Topics_Rag의 마크다운 지식 문서를
Topic_General/Topic_Programming/Topic_Graphic/Topic_Business 4개 카테고리로 재분류.

- 중복 제거: frontmatter의 status:duplicate/merged + duplicate_of/redirect_to 필드로
  자기 자신을 중복으로 선언한 리다이렉트 stub 1032개 제거, 완전 동일 내용 파일 472개 제거,
  동일 파일명·다른 내용 충돌 시 더 큰(완전한) 버전만 유지(162개 제거) — 총 1639개 중복 제거.
- 분류: 폴더 단위로 명확한 항목(AI_and_ML/Coding/Architecture 등 → Programming,
  Comfyui/Visual_Effects → Graphic, Topics_Biz/Topics_Meeting/사업 등 → Business,
  Poetic_Blog_Writing/창의성/Game_Design 등 → General)은 폴더 우선순위로,
  나머지 혼재 폴더(Topic_Agent/Topic_Blog/Topics 루트/Thinking & Reasoning/Other/UI_UX_Assets)는
  title/tags 키워드 스코어링으로 파일 단위 분류(불명확한 경우 General로 폴백).
  원본 폴더명은 "From_*" 서브폴더로 보존해 추적 가능성 유지.
- 최종 배치: Programming 2784 / General 1608 / Graphic 285 / Business 249 = 4926개 문서.
- 에이전트 운영 상태(.astra/.agent/.obsidian/sessions/memory/_company/docs/lessons/_shared/src)는
  지식 콘텐츠가 아니므로 재분류 대상에서 제외하고 원위치 유지.
- Topics/Topic_email(상위 보호 폴더 Topic_email과 파일명 100% 중복) 삭제 — 보호 폴더 자체는 미변경.
- 완전히 비게 된 Topic_Agent/Topic_Blog/Topics_Biz/Topics_Rag 폴더 제거.
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Antigravity Agent
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---
id: wiki-2026-0508-multi-agent-system
title: Multi-agent System
category: 10_Wiki/Topics
status: verified
canonical_id: self
aliases: [MAS, 멀티에이전트, Agent Swarm, Agentic Systems]
duplicate_of: none
source_trust_level: A
confidence_score: 0.9
verification_status: applied
tags: [ai, agents, llm, orchestration, distributed]
raw_sources: []
last_reinforced: 2026-05-10
github_commit: pending
tech_stack:
language: python
framework: claude-agent-sdk
---
# Multi-agent System
## 매 한 줄
> **"매 specialization × coordination > monolith"**. Multi-agent system 은 여러 autonomous agent 가 message passing / shared state 로 협업해 single agent 보다 큰 task 해결. 2026 LLM 시대에 Claude Agent SDK, OpenAI Swarm, LangGraph, AutoGen 등이 표준 framework.
## 매 핵심
### 매 architecture pattern
- **Orchestrator-worker**: 1 lead agent + N specialist worker. 매 Anthropic 의 research agent 패턴.
- **Peer-to-peer**: 모든 agent equal, message bus 로 통신.
- **Hierarchical**: layered supervisor tree.
- **Blackboard**: shared memory 기반 indirect coordination.
### 매 communication
- Function calling / tool use.
- Structured message (JSON schema).
- Shared filesystem / vector DB.
- A2A (Agent-to-Agent) protocol (2025 Anthropic spec).
### 매 응용
1. Research / report generation (parallel search + synthesis).
2. Software engineering (planner + coder + tester).
3. Customer support routing.
4. Game NPC behavior.
## 💻 패턴
### Orchestrator-worker (Claude Agent SDK)
```python
from anthropic import Anthropic
client = Anthropic()
def spawn_worker(task: str, system: str) -> str:
resp = client.messages.create(
model="claude-opus-4-7",
max_tokens=4096,
system=system,
messages=[{"role": "user", "content": task}],
)
return resp.content[0].text
def orchestrate(query: str):
plan = spawn_worker(
f"Decompose into 3 sub-tasks: {query}",
"You are a research planner. Output JSON list.",
)
subtasks = parse_plan(plan)
results = [spawn_worker(t, "You are a domain expert.") for t in subtasks]
return spawn_worker(
f"Synthesize: {results}",
"You are an editor. Merge into a coherent report.",
)
```
### Tool-use loop
```python
def agent_loop(messages, tools, max_iter=10):
for _ in range(max_iter):
resp = client.messages.create(
model="claude-opus-4-7",
tools=tools,
messages=messages,
max_tokens=4096,
)
messages.append({"role": "assistant", "content": resp.content})
if resp.stop_reason == "end_turn":
return resp
for block in resp.content:
if block.type == "tool_use":
result = execute_tool(block.name, block.input)
messages.append({
"role": "user",
"content": [{
"type": "tool_result",
"tool_use_id": block.id,
"content": result,
}],
})
```
### Shared state via filesystem
```python
import json, fcntl
from pathlib import Path
def shared_write(path: Path, key: str, value):
with open(path, "r+") as f:
fcntl.flock(f, fcntl.LOCK_EX)
state = json.load(f)
state[key] = value
f.seek(0); f.truncate()
json.dump(state, f)
fcntl.flock(f, fcntl.LOCK_UN)
```
### LangGraph state machine
```python
from langgraph.graph import StateGraph, END
def planner(state): return {"plan": llm_plan(state["query"])}
def executor(state): return {"result": run_steps(state["plan"])}
def critic(state):
if quality_score(state["result"]) < 0.7:
return {"next": "planner"}
return {"next": END}
g = StateGraph(dict)
g.add_node("plan", planner)
g.add_node("exec", executor)
g.add_node("crit", critic)
g.add_edge("plan", "exec")
g.add_edge("exec", "crit")
g.add_conditional_edges("crit", lambda s: s["next"])
```
### Parallel agent fan-out
```python
import asyncio
async def parallel_search(queries: list[str]) -> list[str]:
tasks = [asyncio.to_thread(spawn_worker, q, "Researcher") for q in queries]
return await asyncio.gather(*tasks)
```
### Critic-actor consensus
```python
def consensus(question: str, n_agents=3) -> str:
answers = [spawn_worker(question, f"Expert #{i}") for i in range(n_agents)]
return spawn_worker(
f"Q: {question}\nAnswers:\n" + "\n".join(answers) +
"\nReturn consensus + dissent.",
"You are a meta-reviewer.",
)
```
## 매 결정 기준
| 상황 | Approach |
|---|---|
| Clear task decomposition | Orchestrator-worker |
| Open-ended exploration | Peer-to-peer + blackboard |
| Quality-critical | Critic-actor + consensus |
| Latency-critical | Parallel fan-out |
| Stateful workflow | LangGraph / state machine |
**기본값**: Orchestrator-worker + tool use loop.
## 🔗 Graph
- 부모: [[Distributed Systems]]
- 변형: [[Agent Orchestration]] · [[Swarm_Intelligence|Swarm Intelligence]]
- 응용: [[LangGraph]]
- Adjacent: [[Tool Use]] · [[Function Calling]]
## 🤖 LLM 활용
**언제**: complex task decomposition, parallel research, multi-step pipeline.
**언제 X**: simple single-shot Q&A — overhead 만 추가.
## ❌ 안티패턴
- **Over-decomposition**: 너무 많은 agent → coordination overhead 폭증.
- **No termination condition**: infinite loop 위험.
- **Shared mutable state without lock**: race condition.
- **Tool sprawl**: 한 agent 에 50+ tools — selection 정확도 폭락.
## 🧪 검증 / 중복
- Verified (Anthropic Multi-agent Research 2024, OpenAI Swarm, LangGraph 0.3).
- 신뢰도 A.
## 🕓 Changelog
| 날짜 | 변경 |
|---|---|
| 2026-05-08 | Phase 1 |
| 2026-05-10 | Manual cleanup — orchestrator/tool-use/LangGraph 패턴 |