docs(10_Wiki): 위키 전체 재구성 — Topic_* 폴더를 4개 카테고리로 통합 + 대규모 중복 제거

Topic_Agent/Topic_Blog/Topics/Topics_Biz/Topics_Meeting/Topics_Rag의 마크다운 지식 문서를
Topic_General/Topic_Programming/Topic_Graphic/Topic_Business 4개 카테고리로 재분류.

- 중복 제거: frontmatter의 status:duplicate/merged + duplicate_of/redirect_to 필드로
  자기 자신을 중복으로 선언한 리다이렉트 stub 1032개 제거, 완전 동일 내용 파일 472개 제거,
  동일 파일명·다른 내용 충돌 시 더 큰(완전한) 버전만 유지(162개 제거) — 총 1639개 중복 제거.
- 분류: 폴더 단위로 명확한 항목(AI_and_ML/Coding/Architecture 등 → Programming,
  Comfyui/Visual_Effects → Graphic, Topics_Biz/Topics_Meeting/사업 등 → Business,
  Poetic_Blog_Writing/창의성/Game_Design 등 → General)은 폴더 우선순위로,
  나머지 혼재 폴더(Topic_Agent/Topic_Blog/Topics 루트/Thinking & Reasoning/Other/UI_UX_Assets)는
  title/tags 키워드 스코어링으로 파일 단위 분류(불명확한 경우 General로 폴백).
  원본 폴더명은 "From_*" 서브폴더로 보존해 추적 가능성 유지.
- 최종 배치: Programming 2784 / General 1608 / Graphic 285 / Business 249 = 4926개 문서.
- 에이전트 운영 상태(.astra/.agent/.obsidian/sessions/memory/_company/docs/lessons/_shared/src)는
  지식 콘텐츠가 아니므로 재분류 대상에서 제외하고 원위치 유지.
- Topics/Topic_email(상위 보호 폴더 Topic_email과 파일명 100% 중복) 삭제 — 보호 폴더 자체는 미변경.
- 완전히 비게 된 Topic_Agent/Topic_Blog/Topics_Biz/Topics_Rag 폴더 제거.
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---
id: wiki-2026-0508-engineering-metrics-dora
title: Engineering Metrics (DORA)
category: 10_Wiki/Topics
status: verified
canonical_id: self
aliases: [DORA, DORA Metrics, Four Keys, DevOps Research and Assessment]
duplicate_of: none
source_trust_level: A
confidence_score: 0.9
verification_status: applied
tags: [devops, metrics, dora, sre, engineering]
raw_sources: []
last_reinforced: 2026-05-10
github_commit: pending
tech_stack:
language: yaml
framework: github-actions
---
# Engineering Metrics (DORA)
## 매 한 줄
> **"매 deployment frequency, lead time, change fail rate, MTTR — 4 metric 으로 매 engineering org 의 health 측정"**. 매 2014 Google DORA team 의 launch, 매 2021 SPACE framework 보완, 매 2026 GitHub/GitLab/Datadog 의 native dashboard 의 default.
## 매 핵심
### 매 Four Keys
- **Deployment Frequency (DF)**: 매 production deploy 의 빈도. Elite = on-demand (multiple/day).
- **Lead Time for Changes (LT)**: 매 commit → production. Elite = < 1 day.
- **Change Failure Rate (CFR)**: 매 deploy 의 incident 유발 비율. Elite = 015%.
- **Mean Time to Recovery (MTTR)**: 매 incident → restore. Elite = < 1 hour.
### 매 Performance tier
- **Elite**: DF on-demand · LT < 1day · CFR 015% · MTTR < 1h.
- **High**: DF weeklydaily · LT 1day1wk · CFR 1630% · MTTR < 1day.
- **Medium**: DF monthly · LT 1wk1mo · CFR 1630% · MTTR 1day1wk.
- **Low**: DF < monthly · LT > 1mo.
### 매 응용
1. Sprint retro 매 주 review.
2. Quarterly engineering OKR target.
3. Hiring/promo signal (team-level, 매 individual 아님).
## 💻 패턴
### GitHub Actions deployment frequency
```yaml
# .github/workflows/deploy.yml
name: deploy
on:
push:
branches: [main]
jobs:
deploy:
runs-on: ubuntu-latest
steps:
- uses: actions/checkout@v4
- run: ./deploy.sh
- name: Emit DORA event
run: |
curl -X POST https://api.dora-collector.internal/events \
-H "Authorization: Bearer ${{ secrets.DORA_TOKEN }}" \
-d '{"type":"deploy","sha":"${{ github.sha }}","ts":"'$(date -u +%FT%TZ)'"}'
```
### Lead time calculation (SQL)
```sql
-- commits joined with deploys
SELECT
PERCENTILE_CONT(0.5) WITHIN GROUP (ORDER BY EXTRACT(EPOCH FROM (deploy_ts - commit_ts))/3600) AS p50_hours,
PERCENTILE_CONT(0.95) WITHIN GROUP (ORDER BY EXTRACT(EPOCH FROM (deploy_ts - commit_ts))/3600) AS p95_hours
FROM dora_events
WHERE deploy_ts >= NOW() - INTERVAL '30 days';
```
### Change failure rate from incidents
```python
# rolling 30d CFR
def cfr(deploys: list[dict], incidents: list[dict]) -> float:
bad_deploys = {i["deploy_sha"] for i in incidents if i["caused_by_deploy"]}
return len(bad_deploys) / max(len(deploys), 1)
```
### MTTR via PagerDuty
```python
import httpx, statistics
def mttr(api_key: str, since: str) -> float:
r = httpx.get("https://api.pagerduty.com/incidents",
headers={"Authorization": f"Token token={api_key}"},
params={"since": since, "statuses[]": "resolved"})
durations = [(i["resolved_at_ts"] - i["created_at_ts"]) for i in r.json()["incidents"]]
return statistics.median(durations) / 60 # minutes
```
### Four Keys dashboard (Datadog)
```yaml
# datadog-dora.yaml
widgets:
- title: Deployment Frequency
query: "sum:dora.deploy{*}.as_count().rollup(sum, 86400)"
- title: Lead Time p50
query: "p50:dora.lead_time_seconds{*}"
- title: CFR
query: "sum:dora.deploy_failed{*} / sum:dora.deploy{*}"
- title: MTTR p50
query: "p50:dora.incident_resolve_seconds{*}"
```
### Trunk-based config (lead time 단축)
```yaml
# .github/branch-protection.yml
required_status_checks:
strict: true
contexts: [ci/test, ci/lint]
required_pull_request_reviews:
required_approving_review_count: 1
dismiss_stale_reviews: true
restrictions: null # 매 직접 push 매 X — PR-only
```
## 매 결정 기준
| 상황 | Approach |
|---|---|
| Startup (<20 eng) | DF + LT 매 우선, MTTR 매 secondary |
| Regulated industry | CFR 매 primary (release safety) |
| Platform team | All 4, 매 weekly review |
| Individual perf review | 매 X — team metric only |
**기본값**: 매 four-keys-platform (Google open source) self-host + Grafana.
## 🔗 Graph
- 부모: [[DevOps]] · [[Site Reliability Engineering]]
- 응용: [[Continuous Delivery]] · [[Continuous Integration]]
## 🤖 LLM 활용
**언제**: deploy log → metric extraction, incident root-cause 분류 (deploy 유발 여부).
**언제 X**: 매 individual contributor scoring 매 X — DORA 매 team-level only.
## ❌ 안티패턴
- **Goodharting**: DF 만 chase 하고 quality 무시 → CFR 폭증.
- **Individual scoring**: developer 별 LT 측정 → gaming (small commits 만).
- **Vanity rollups**: org-wide average — 팀 distribution 의 hide.
- **No CFR**: deploy 만 count, failure track X → false elite signal.
## 🧪 검증 / 중복
- Verified (DORA "State of DevOps" 20142024 reports, Google Cloud 공식).
- 신뢰도 A.
## 🕓 Changelog
| 날짜 | 변경 |
|---|---|
| 2026-05-08 | Phase 1 |
| 2026-05-10 | Manual cleanup — DORA four-keys 정의 + dashboard pattern |