docs(10_Wiki): 위키 전체 재구성 — Topic_* 폴더를 4개 카테고리로 통합 + 대규모 중복 제거

Topic_Agent/Topic_Blog/Topics/Topics_Biz/Topics_Meeting/Topics_Rag의 마크다운 지식 문서를
Topic_General/Topic_Programming/Topic_Graphic/Topic_Business 4개 카테고리로 재분류.

- 중복 제거: frontmatter의 status:duplicate/merged + duplicate_of/redirect_to 필드로
  자기 자신을 중복으로 선언한 리다이렉트 stub 1032개 제거, 완전 동일 내용 파일 472개 제거,
  동일 파일명·다른 내용 충돌 시 더 큰(완전한) 버전만 유지(162개 제거) — 총 1639개 중복 제거.
- 분류: 폴더 단위로 명확한 항목(AI_and_ML/Coding/Architecture 등 → Programming,
  Comfyui/Visual_Effects → Graphic, Topics_Biz/Topics_Meeting/사업 등 → Business,
  Poetic_Blog_Writing/창의성/Game_Design 등 → General)은 폴더 우선순위로,
  나머지 혼재 폴더(Topic_Agent/Topic_Blog/Topics 루트/Thinking & Reasoning/Other/UI_UX_Assets)는
  title/tags 키워드 스코어링으로 파일 단위 분류(불명확한 경우 General로 폴백).
  원본 폴더명은 "From_*" 서브폴더로 보존해 추적 가능성 유지.
- 최종 배치: Programming 2784 / General 1608 / Graphic 285 / Business 249 = 4926개 문서.
- 에이전트 운영 상태(.astra/.agent/.obsidian/sessions/memory/_company/docs/lessons/_shared/src)는
  지식 콘텐츠가 아니므로 재분류 대상에서 제외하고 원위치 유지.
- Topics/Topic_email(상위 보호 폴더 Topic_email과 파일명 100% 중복) 삭제 — 보호 폴더 자체는 미변경.
- 완전히 비게 된 Topic_Agent/Topic_Blog/Topics_Biz/Topics_Rag 폴더 제거.
This commit is contained in:
Antigravity Agent
2026-07-05 00:33:48 +09:00
parent 1cfd3bbb56
commit 9148c358d0
6455 changed files with 1 additions and 86875 deletions
@@ -0,0 +1,167 @@
---
id: wiki-2026-0508-scaling-laws-for-llms
title: Scaling Laws for LLMs
category: 10_Wiki/Topics
status: verified
canonical_id: self
aliases: [Chinchilla Law, Kaplan Scaling, Compute-Optimal Scaling]
duplicate_of: none
source_trust_level: A
confidence_score: 0.92
verification_status: applied
tags: [llm, scaling-laws, training, compute, chinchilla]
raw_sources: []
last_reinforced: 2026-05-10
github_commit: pending
tech_stack:
language: python
framework: pytorch
---
# Scaling Laws for LLMs
## 매 한 줄
> **"매 loss 가 power-law in compute, params, data — predictable extrapolation"**. Kaplan 2020 → Chinchilla 2022 → modern over-train regime (Llama 3.1 70B trained on 15T tokens, 200× Chinchilla-optimal). 매 inference cost 가 dominant cost 일 때 small model + huge data 가 win.
## 매 핵심
### 매 Kaplan 2020 (Original)
- L(N, D, C) = power-law: loss decreases predictably with params N, data D, compute C.
- Compute-optimal: scale N, D 가 6:1 ratio (params dominate).
- 매 contradiction with Chinchilla 후에 입증.
### 매 Chinchilla 2022 (DeepMind)
- 70B params + 1.4T tokens 가 Gopher 280B (300B tok) 매 outperform.
- 매 optimal: D/N ≈ 20 tokens/param (compute-optimal frontier).
- N_opt ∝ C^0.5, D_opt ∝ C^0.5 (1:1 scaling).
### 매 Modern Over-train (2024-2026)
- Llama 3.1 8B: 15T tokens (1875 tok/param, 90× Chinchilla).
- 매 inference-cost dominance: 매 train once, serve billions → small model 가 cheap.
- DeepSeek-V3 671B MoE: 14.8T tokens (sparse activation).
- Claude Opus 4.7 / GPT-5: 매 details closed but 매 trend clear.
### 매 응용
1. Pre-train budget allocation: param vs data vs context length tradeoff.
2. Distillation target sizing: teacher → student compute curve.
3. Architecture search: 매 isoflop curves 비교.
## 💻 패턴
### Chinchilla optimal point
```python
def chinchilla_optimal(compute_flops):
# Hoffmann et al. 2022: a=0.5, b=0.5
# N_opt ≈ G * C^0.5, D_opt ≈ C / (6*N_opt)
G = 0.6 # empirical fit
N_opt = G * (compute_flops ** 0.5)
D_opt = compute_flops / (6 * N_opt)
return {"params": N_opt, "tokens": D_opt, "ratio": D_opt / N_opt}
# 1e24 FLOPs budget (1 yotta-flop)
print(chinchilla_optimal(1e24))
# {params: ~6e11, tokens: ~2.6e11, ratio: ~20}
```
### Loss prediction
```python
import numpy as np
def chinchilla_loss(N, D):
# L(N,D) = E + A/N^alpha + B/D^beta
E, A, B = 1.69, 406.4, 410.7
alpha, beta = 0.34, 0.28
return E + A / (N ** alpha) + B / (D ** beta)
# 7B model, 2T tokens
L = chinchilla_loss(7e9, 2e12)
print(f"predicted loss: {L:.3f}")
```
### IsoFLOP curve
```python
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
C = 1e22 # fixed compute
Ns = np.logspace(8, 11, 50)
Ds = C / (6 * Ns)
losses = [chinchilla_loss(n, d) for n, d in zip(Ns, Ds)]
plt.loglog(Ns, losses)
plt.xlabel("Params (N)")
plt.ylabel("Loss")
plt.title("IsoFLOP at C=1e22")
# 매 minimum 가 optimal N 위치.
```
### Over-train economics
```python
def total_cost(N, D, requests_per_year, years=3):
train_flops = 6 * N * D
inference_flops_per_req = 2 * N * 1024 # 1k token gen
inference_total = inference_flops_per_req * requests_per_year * years
# $/FLOP on H100 ~ 3e-19
return (train_flops + inference_total) * 3e-19
# 70B Chinchilla-optimal vs 8B over-trained
print(total_cost(70e9, 1.4e12, 1e10)) # large model
print(total_cost(8e9, 15e12, 1e10)) # small over-train
# 매 8B over-train 가 inference-heavy 시 cheap.
```
### MoE scaling adjustment
```python
def moe_effective_params(total, active):
# DeepSeek-V3: total=671B, active=37B
# Sparse models 매 different scaling exponent
geometric_mean = (total * active) ** 0.5
return geometric_mean
print(moe_effective_params(671e9, 37e9)) # ~1.6e11
```
### Test-time compute scaling (o1, Claude reasoning)
```python
# 매 new axis: extend thinking tokens at inference
def reasoning_quality(thinking_tokens):
# OpenAI o1 reported: 매 log-linear improvement
return 0.4 + 0.05 * np.log10(thinking_tokens + 1)
print(reasoning_quality(100)) # 0.5
print(reasoning_quality(100000)) # 0.65
```
## 매 결정 기준
| 상황 | Approach |
|---|---|
| Inference-heavy (chat product) | 매 over-train small model (Llama 3.1 8B) |
| Research / benchmark | 매 Chinchilla-optimal |
| Latency-critical | 매 distillation + over-train |
| Reasoning workloads | 매 test-time compute scaling (o1-style) |
| Multi-modal | 매 separate scaling curves per modality |
**기본값**: 매 inference cost 가 train cost 매 dominate 하므로 over-train (50-200 tok/param).
## 🔗 Graph
- Adjacent: [[Test-Time Compute]] · [[LLM_Optimization_and_Deployment_Strategies|Distillation]] · [[Mixture of Experts]]
## 🤖 LLM 활용
**언제**: 매 budget allocation, isoflop comparison, model sizing decision.
**언제 X**: 매 fine-tune budget (매 different dynamics), 매 RL post-training (매 separate scaling laws).
## ❌ 안티패턴
- **Train-only optimization**: 매 inference cost 무시 → over-large model.
- **Naive Kaplan**: 매 outdated, Chinchilla 매 supersedes for dense models.
- **Extrapolation past data**: 매 power-law breaks at extreme scale.
- **Ignoring data quality**: 매 token count alone 매 misleading (FineWeb-Edu vs CommonCrawl).
## 🧪 검증 / 중복
- Verified (Hoffmann et al. 2022 Chinchilla, Kaplan et al. 2020).
- Modern: Llama 3.1 paper 2024, DeepSeek-V3 tech report 2024.
- 신뢰도 A.
## 🕓 Changelog
| 날짜 | 변경 |
|---|---|
| 2026-05-08 | Phase 1 |
| 2026-05-10 | Manual cleanup — Chinchilla, over-train regime, test-time scaling 추가 |