docs(10_Wiki): 위키 전체 재구성 — Topic_* 폴더를 4개 카테고리로 통합 + 대규모 중복 제거
Topic_Agent/Topic_Blog/Topics/Topics_Biz/Topics_Meeting/Topics_Rag의 마크다운 지식 문서를 Topic_General/Topic_Programming/Topic_Graphic/Topic_Business 4개 카테고리로 재분류. - 중복 제거: frontmatter의 status:duplicate/merged + duplicate_of/redirect_to 필드로 자기 자신을 중복으로 선언한 리다이렉트 stub 1032개 제거, 완전 동일 내용 파일 472개 제거, 동일 파일명·다른 내용 충돌 시 더 큰(완전한) 버전만 유지(162개 제거) — 총 1639개 중복 제거. - 분류: 폴더 단위로 명확한 항목(AI_and_ML/Coding/Architecture 등 → Programming, Comfyui/Visual_Effects → Graphic, Topics_Biz/Topics_Meeting/사업 등 → Business, Poetic_Blog_Writing/창의성/Game_Design 등 → General)은 폴더 우선순위로, 나머지 혼재 폴더(Topic_Agent/Topic_Blog/Topics 루트/Thinking & Reasoning/Other/UI_UX_Assets)는 title/tags 키워드 스코어링으로 파일 단위 분류(불명확한 경우 General로 폴백). 원본 폴더명은 "From_*" 서브폴더로 보존해 추적 가능성 유지. - 최종 배치: Programming 2784 / General 1608 / Graphic 285 / Business 249 = 4926개 문서. - 에이전트 운영 상태(.astra/.agent/.obsidian/sessions/memory/_company/docs/lessons/_shared/src)는 지식 콘텐츠가 아니므로 재분류 대상에서 제외하고 원위치 유지. - Topics/Topic_email(상위 보호 폴더 Topic_email과 파일명 100% 중복) 삭제 — 보호 폴더 자체는 미변경. - 완전히 비게 된 Topic_Agent/Topic_Blog/Topics_Biz/Topics_Rag 폴더 제거.
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Antigravity Agent
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---
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id: wiki-2026-0508-sca-fundamentals
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title: SCA Fundamentals (Software Composition Analysis)
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category: 10_Wiki/Topics
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status: verified
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canonical_id: self
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aliases: [Software Composition Analysis, Dependency Scanning, OSS Security]
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duplicate_of: none
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source_trust_level: A
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confidence_score: 0.9
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verification_status: applied
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tags: [sca, security, devsecops, sbom, supply-chain]
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raw_sources: []
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last_reinforced: 2026-05-10
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github_commit: pending
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tech_stack:
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language: Multi
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framework: Snyk / Dependabot / Trivy / Grype
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---
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# SCA Fundamentals (Software Composition Analysis)
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## 매 한 줄
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> **"매 third-party (OSS) dependency 의 vuln/license/integrity scan — 매 modern app 의 80%+ 가 OSS 코드라는 현실 위의 baseline 통제"**. 매 Heartbleed (2014), Equifax/Struts (2017), Log4Shell (2021), xz-utils backdoor (2024) 가 매 SBOM + SCA 를 매 NIST/EU CRA/US EO 14028 의 의무 사항 으로 격상. 매 2026 supply chain 공격 시대의 first line of defense.
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## 매 핵심
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### 매 What SCA scans
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- **Direct deps**: package.json, requirements.txt, go.mod, Cargo.toml.
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- **Transitive deps**: full dependency tree (often 10x direct).
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- **Container images**: OS packages + app deps (Trivy, Grype).
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- **License**: GPL/AGPL/proprietary compliance.
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- **Integrity**: signature, provenance (Sigstore, SLSA).
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### 매 Vulnerability sources
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- **NVD/CVE**: NIST National Vulnerability Database.
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- **GitHub Advisory Database (GHSA)**: ecosystem-aware.
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- **OSV.dev**: Google distributed vuln DB.
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- **Vendor advisories**: Snyk DB, Mend, Sonatype OSS Index.
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- **EPSS**: Exploit Prediction Scoring System (probabilistic priority).
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### 매 SBOM formats
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- **SPDX**: ISO/IEC 5962, Linux Foundation.
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- **CycloneDX**: OWASP, security-focused, VEX support.
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- **VEX** (Vulnerability Exploitability eXchange): "vulnerable but not exploitable in our config".
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### 매 응용
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1. PR-time scanning (Dependabot, Snyk PR check).
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2. Container scan in CI (Trivy in GitHub Actions).
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3. SBOM generation for compliance (EU CRA, US EO).
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4. Runtime correlation (Sysdig, Wiz — used vs unused vulns).
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5. License audit before release.
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## 💻 패턴
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### npm audit + fix in CI
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```bash
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npm audit --audit-level=high --json > audit.json
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# Auto-fix non-breaking
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npm audit fix
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# Force breaking fix only on dev branches
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npm audit fix --force
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```
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### Trivy container scan (GitHub Actions)
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```yaml
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- name: Run Trivy
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uses: aquasecurity/trivy-action@master
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with:
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image-ref: 'ghcr.io/org/app:${{ github.sha }}'
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format: 'sarif'
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output: 'trivy.sarif'
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severity: 'CRITICAL,HIGH'
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exit-code: '1'
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ignore-unfixed: true
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- uses: github/codeql-action/upload-sarif@v3
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with: { sarif_file: 'trivy.sarif' }
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```
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### CycloneDX SBOM (Python)
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```bash
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pip install cyclonedx-bom
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cyclonedx-py requirements -i requirements.txt -o sbom.json --format json
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# Validate
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cyclonedx validate --input-file sbom.json
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```
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### Dependabot config (GitHub)
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```yaml
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# .github/dependabot.yml
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version: 2
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updates:
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- package-ecosystem: "npm"
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directory: "/"
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schedule: { interval: "weekly" }
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open-pull-requests-limit: 10
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groups:
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minor-and-patch:
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update-types: ["minor", "patch"]
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- package-ecosystem: "docker"
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directory: "/"
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schedule: { interval: "daily" }
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```
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### EPSS-based prioritization
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```python
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import requests
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def epss_score(cve_id):
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r = requests.get(f"https://api.first.org/data/v1/epss?cve={cve_id}").json()
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if r["data"]:
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return float(r["data"][0]["epss"]), float(r["data"][0]["percentile"])
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return None, None
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# Prioritize: high CVSS AND high EPSS (likely exploited in wild)
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for cve in scan_results:
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epss, pct = epss_score(cve.id)
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if cve.cvss >= 7.0 and epss and epss > 0.5:
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page_oncall(cve)
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```
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### Sigstore cosign verification (provenance)
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```bash
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# Verify image was built by trusted GitHub Actions workflow
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cosign verify ghcr.io/org/app:v1.2.3 \
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--certificate-identity "https://github.com/org/repo/.github/workflows/release.yml@refs/tags/v1.2.3" \
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--certificate-oidc-issuer "https://token.actions.githubusercontent.com"
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```
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### VEX statement (CycloneDX)
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```json
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{
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"vulnerabilities": [{
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"id": "CVE-2024-XXXX",
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"ratings": [{"severity": "critical"}],
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"analysis": {
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"state": "not_affected",
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"justification": "code_not_reachable",
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"detail": "Vulnerable function in lib X is never called; entrypoint disabled."
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}
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}]
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}
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```
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### Grype with custom policy
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```bash
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grype dir:./app -o sarif --fail-on high \
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--only-fixed \
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--exclude './vendor/**'
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```
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## 매 결정 기준
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| 상황 | Approach |
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|---|---|
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| Open source project | Dependabot (free, GitHub-native) |
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| Polyglot enterprise | Snyk / Mend / Sonatype Lifecycle |
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| Container-heavy | Trivy / Grype + admission controller |
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| Air-gapped | Self-hosted DB (Anchore Enterprise, Trivy with local DB) |
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| Compliance (EU CRA, FedRAMP) | SBOM + VEX + signed attestations (SLSA L3+) |
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**기본값**: Trivy in CI + Dependabot for upgrades + CycloneDX SBOM + Sigstore signing.
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## 🔗 Graph
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- 부모: [[CI/CD Pipeline & IDE Security Integration|DevSecOps]] · [[Application-Security]]
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- 변형: [[SAST]] · [[보안 및 시스템 신뢰성 표준|DAST]]
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- 응용: [[SBOM]]
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- Adjacent: [[Supply-Chain-Security]] · [[SLSA]] · [[Sigstore]]
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## 🤖 LLM 활용
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**언제**: triaging vuln noise (false positive vs real), generating VEX justifications from code context, summarizing CVE for stakeholders, suggesting upgrade paths.
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**언제 X**: as the source of truth for vuln data — use NVD/OSV/GHSA. LLM only for prioritization and explanation.
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## ❌ 안티패턴
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- **Scan once, ship**: vulns appear post-release; need continuous monitoring.
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- **Block on every CVE**: dev fatigue → bypass culture; use EPSS + reachability.
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- **No transitive scan**: direct deps look clean while transitive has critical CVE.
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- **SBOM but no VEX**: dump 10k vulns on customers without exploitability context.
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- **Ignore lockfiles**: scan only manifest → miss pinned vulnerable transitive.
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## 🧪 검증 / 중복
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- Verified (NIST SP 800-218 SSDF, CISA SBOM guidance, OWASP Dependency-Track).
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- 신뢰도 A.
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## 🕓 Changelog
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| 날짜 | 변경 |
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|---|---|
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| 2026-05-08 | Phase 1 |
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| 2026-05-10 | Manual cleanup — SCA, SBOM, EPSS, VEX, Sigstore patterns |
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