docs(10_Wiki): 위키 전체 재구성 — Topic_* 폴더를 4개 카테고리로 통합 + 대규모 중복 제거

Topic_Agent/Topic_Blog/Topics/Topics_Biz/Topics_Meeting/Topics_Rag의 마크다운 지식 문서를 Topic_General/Topic_Programming/Topic_Graphic/Topic_Business 4개 카테고리로 재분류. - 중복 제거: frontmatter의 status:duplicate/merged + duplicate_of/redirect_to 필드로 자기 자신을 중복으로 선언한 리다이렉트 stub 1032개 제거, 완전 동일 내용 파일 472개 제거, 동일 파일명·다른 내용 충돌 시 더 큰(완전한) 버전만 유지(162개 제거) — 총 1639개 중복 제거. - 분류: 폴더 단위로 명확한 항목(AI_and_ML/Coding/Architecture 등 → Programming, Comfyui/Visual_Effects → Graphic, Topics_Biz/Topics_Meeting/사업 등 → Business, Poetic_Blog_Writing/창의성/Game_Design 등 → General)은 폴더 우선순위로, 나머지 혼재 폴더(Topic_Agent/Topic_Blog/Topics 루트/Thinking & Reasoning/Other/UI_UX_Assets)는 title/tags 키워드 스코어링으로 파일 단위 분류(불명확한 경우 General로 폴백). 원본 폴더명은 "From_*" 서브폴더로 보존해 추적 가능성 유지. - 최종 배치: Programming 2784 / General 1608 / Graphic 285 / Business 249 = 4926개 문서. - 에이전트 운영 상태(.astra/.agent/.obsidian/sessions/memory/_company/docs/lessons/_shared/src)는 지식 콘텐츠가 아니므로 재분류 대상에서 제외하고 원위치 유지. - Topics/Topic_email(상위 보호 폴더 Topic_email과 파일명 100% 중복) 삭제 — 보호 폴더 자체는 미변경. - 완전히 비게 된 Topic_Agent/Topic_Blog/Topics_Biz/Topics_Rag 폴더 제거.
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+---
+id: wiki-2026-0508-factory-pattern
+title: Factory Pattern
+category: 10_Wiki/Topics
+status: verified
+canonical_id: self
+aliases: [factory, factory method, abstract factory, simple factory, GoF factory]
+duplicate_of: none
+source_trust_level: A
+confidence_score: 0.97
+verification_status: applied
+tags: [design-pattern, gof, factory, oop, creational, abstract-factory]
+raw_sources: []
+last_reinforced: 2026-05-10
+github_commit: pending
+tech_stack:
+  language: TypeScript / Python / Java
+  applicable_to: [OOP, Plugin System, DI]
+---
+
+# Factory Pattern
+
+## 매 한 줄
+> **"매 object creation 의 의 의 encapsulate"**. GoF creational. 매 simple factory (function), 매 factory method (method), 매 abstract factory (factory of factories). 매 modern: 매 DI / DI container 의 partly 의 replace.
+
+## 매 핵심
+
+### 매 variant
+- **Simple factory**: 매 단순 function.
+- **Factory method**: 매 polymorphic creation.
+- **Abstract factory**: 매 family of factories.
+
+### 매 motivation
+- 매 client 의 concrete class 의 의 know X.
+- 매 creation logic 의 encapsulate.
+- 매 family of related objects.
+- 매 testability (mock).
+
+### 매 modern alternative
+- **DI container** (Inversify, NestJS).
+- **Builder** (complex creation).
+- **Static factory method** (named).
+- **Functional factory**.
+
+## 💻 패턴
+
+### Simple factory
+```typescript
+function createButton(theme: 'light' | 'dark'): Button {
+  if (theme === 'light') return new LightButton();
+  return new DarkButton();
+}
+```
+
+### Factory method
+```typescript
+abstract class Dialog {
+  protected abstract createButton(): Button;
+  
+  render() {
+    const btn = this.createButton();
+    btn.render();
+  }
+}
+
+class WindowsDialog extends Dialog {
+  protected createButton(): Button {
+    return new WindowsButton();
+  }
+}
+
+class MacDialog extends Dialog {
+  protected createButton(): Button {
+    return new MacButton();
+  }
+}
+```
+
+### Abstract factory
+```typescript
+interface UIFactory {
+  createButton(): Button;
+  createCheckbox(): Checkbox;
+}
+
+class WindowsFactory implements UIFactory {
+  createButton() { return new WindowsButton(); }
+  createCheckbox() { return new WindowsCheckbox(); }
+}
+
+class MacFactory implements UIFactory {
+  createButton() { return new MacButton(); }
+  createCheckbox() { return new MacCheckbox(); }
+}
+
+function getFactory(): UIFactory {
+  return process.platform === 'darwin' ? new MacFactory() : new WindowsFactory();
+}
+```
+
+### Static factory method (Effective Java)
+```typescript
+class User {
+  private constructor(public id: string, public role: string) {}
+  
+  static guest() { return new User('guest', 'guest'); }
+  static admin(id: string) { return new User(id, 'admin'); }
+  static fromJSON(json: any) { return new User(json.id, json.role); }
+}
+```
+
+### Functional (Python)
+```python
+from typing import Callable
+
+def make_logger(level: str) -> Callable:
+    if level == 'debug':
+        return lambda msg: print(f'[DEBUG] {msg}')
+    if level == 'error':
+        return lambda msg: sys.stderr.write(f'[ERROR] {msg}\n')
+    return lambda msg: print(msg)
+```
+
+### Registry-based factory
+```python
+class ShapeRegistry:
+    _registry: dict = {}
+    
+    @classmethod
+    def register(cls, name: str):
+        def decorator(klass):
+            cls._registry[name] = klass
+            return klass
+        return decorator
+    
+    @classmethod
+    def create(cls, name: str, *args, **kwargs):
+        return cls._registry[name](*args, **kwargs)
+
+@ShapeRegistry.register('circle')
+class Circle:
+    def __init__(self, r): self.r = r
+
+shape = ShapeRegistry.create('circle', 5)
+```
+
+### DI container alternative (NestJS)
+```typescript
+@Injectable()
+class UserService {
+  constructor(
+    @Inject('UserRepo') private repo: UserRepo,
+    private logger: Logger,
+  ) {}
+}
+
+@Module({
+  providers: [
+    UserService,
+    Logger,
+    { provide: 'UserRepo', useClass: PostgresUserRepo },
+  ],
+})
+class AppModule {}
+```
+
+### Plugin / strategy factory
+```python
+PARSERS = {
+    'json': JSONParser,
+    'yaml': YAMLParser,
+    'toml': TOMLParser,
+}
+
+def parse(content, format):
+    return PARSERS[format]().parse(content)
+```
+
+### Conditional with extensibility
+```python
+class ModelFactory:
+    def __init__(self):
+        self.providers = {}
+    
+    def register(self, name, provider_cls):
+        self.providers[name] = provider_cls
+    
+    def create(self, name, **config):
+        if name not in self.providers:
+            raise ValueError(f'Unknown provider: {name}')
+        return self.providers[name](**config)
+
+factory = ModelFactory()
+factory.register('openai', OpenAIProvider)
+factory.register('anthropic', AnthropicProvider)
+```
+
+### Async factory
+```python
+class DBConnectionFactory:
+    @classmethod
+    async def create(cls, url):
+        conn = AsyncConnection(url)
+        await conn.connect()
+        return conn
+
+db = await DBConnectionFactory.create('postgres://...')
+```
+
+## 매 결정 기준
+| 상황 | Pattern |
+|---|---|
+| Simple variant | Simple factory function |
+| Polymorphic creation | Factory method |
+| Family of objects | Abstract factory |
+| Many params | Builder |
+| Plugin system | Registry |
+| DI heavy | DI container |
+| Functional | Closure factory |
+
+**기본값**: 매 simple = 매 plain function. 매 plugin = registry. 매 DI = container. 매 family = abstract factory.
+
+## 🔗 Graph
+- 변형: [[Prototype]]
+- 응용: [[Dependency_Injection_(DI)|Dependency-Injection]]
+- Adjacent: [[Encapsulation-and-Information-Hiding]]
+
+## 🤖 LLM 활용
+**언제**: 매 plugin / multiple impl. 매 testability. 매 family of objects.
+**언제 X**: 매 single concrete (just `new`).
+
+## ❌ 안티패턴
+- **Factory for factory's sake**: 매 single impl.
+- **God factory**: 매 too many responsibilities.
+- **Hidden global state**: 매 testability lose.
+- **Switch explosion**: 매 registry 의 prefer.
+- **Reinventing DI**: 매 use container.
+
+## 🧪 검증 / 중복
+- Verified (GoF Design Patterns, Effective Java).
+- 신뢰도 A.
+
+## 🕓 Changelog
+| 날짜 | 변경 |
+|---|---|
+| 2026-04-20 | Auto-reinforced |
+| 2026-05-08 | Phase 1 |
+| 2026-05-10 | Manual cleanup — variants + 매 simple / method / abstract / registry / DI code |