docs(10_Wiki): 위키 전체 재구성 — Topic_* 폴더를 4개 카테고리로 통합 + 대규모 중복 제거

Topic_Agent/Topic_Blog/Topics/Topics_Biz/Topics_Meeting/Topics_Rag의 마크다운 지식 문서를
Topic_General/Topic_Programming/Topic_Graphic/Topic_Business 4개 카테고리로 재분류.

- 중복 제거: frontmatter의 status:duplicate/merged + duplicate_of/redirect_to 필드로
  자기 자신을 중복으로 선언한 리다이렉트 stub 1032개 제거, 완전 동일 내용 파일 472개 제거,
  동일 파일명·다른 내용 충돌 시 더 큰(완전한) 버전만 유지(162개 제거) — 총 1639개 중복 제거.
- 분류: 폴더 단위로 명확한 항목(AI_and_ML/Coding/Architecture 등 → Programming,
  Comfyui/Visual_Effects → Graphic, Topics_Biz/Topics_Meeting/사업 등 → Business,
  Poetic_Blog_Writing/창의성/Game_Design 등 → General)은 폴더 우선순위로,
  나머지 혼재 폴더(Topic_Agent/Topic_Blog/Topics 루트/Thinking & Reasoning/Other/UI_UX_Assets)는
  title/tags 키워드 스코어링으로 파일 단위 분류(불명확한 경우 General로 폴백).
  원본 폴더명은 "From_*" 서브폴더로 보존해 추적 가능성 유지.
- 최종 배치: Programming 2784 / General 1608 / Graphic 285 / Business 249 = 4926개 문서.
- 에이전트 운영 상태(.astra/.agent/.obsidian/sessions/memory/_company/docs/lessons/_shared/src)는
  지식 콘텐츠가 아니므로 재분류 대상에서 제외하고 원위치 유지.
- Topics/Topic_email(상위 보호 폴더 Topic_email과 파일명 100% 중복) 삭제 — 보호 폴더 자체는 미변경.
- 완전히 비게 된 Topic_Agent/Topic_Blog/Topics_Biz/Topics_Rag 폴더 제거.
This commit is contained in:
Antigravity Agent
2026-07-05 00:33:48 +09:00
parent 1cfd3bbb56
commit 9148c358d0
6455 changed files with 1 additions and 86875 deletions
@@ -0,0 +1,266 @@
---
id: wiki-2026-0508-binary-author-identification
title: Binary Author Identification
category: 10_Wiki/Topics
status: verified
canonical_id: self
aliases: [binary attribution, code stylometry, malware authorship, GAN-detect, AI-vs-human code]
duplicate_of: none
source_trust_level: B
confidence_score: 0.85
verification_status: applied
tags: [security, forensics, binary-analysis, stylometry, malware-attribution, ai-vs-human-code, attribution]
raw_sources: []
last_reinforced: 2026-05-10
github_commit: pending
tech_stack:
language: Python
framework: angr / radare2 / Ghidra / scikit-learn / PyTorch
---
# Binary Author Identification
## 📌 한 줄 통찰
> **"매 digital fingerprint"**. 매 compiled binary 의 매 author style 의 detect. 매 control flow + 매 register usage + 매 idiom 의 unique. 매 malware forensic 의 critical. 매 modern: 매 "human vs AI-generated code" 의 detect.
## 📖 핵심
### 매 Caliskan-Islam et al. (2015 / 2018)
- 매 stylometric features 의 binary 의 maintain.
- 매 100 author 의 96% accuracy.
- 매 even after compilation + optimization.
### 매 feature
#### Source-level (binary recovered)
- 매 indentation, 매 brace style.
- 매 variable naming convention.
- 매 keyword frequency.
- 매 operator preference.
#### Binary-level
- 매 Control Flow Graph (CFG) 구조.
- 매 function call sequence.
- 매 register usage pattern.
- 매 instruction frequency (n-gram).
- 매 calling convention.
- 매 padding / alignment.
- 매 import library 의 set.
#### Decompilation-aided
- 매 Ghidra / IDA 의 reverse → source approximation.
- 매 stylometric on decompiled.
### 매 ML approach
#### Classical
- **Random Forest** + 매 hand feature.
- **Caliskan 2015**: 매 binary attribution.
#### Deep learning
- **Binary embedding**: 매 SAFE, 매 Asm2Vec.
- **Graph NN** on CFG.
- **Transformer** on instruction sequence.
#### Contrastive
- **PalmTree, jTrans**: 매 binary similarity.
### 매 응용
#### Forensic
- 매 malware authorship attribution.
- 매 APT group identification.
- 매 ransomware family.
#### Open source
- 매 plagiarism detection.
- 매 license violation tracking.
#### Security research
- 매 vulnerability fingerprint.
- 매 N-day exploit detection.
#### AI-generated code detection
- 매 GitHub Copilot / GPT 의 generated.
- 매 AI assertion (some papers > 90%).
- 매 watermark (statistical).
### 매 challenge
1. **Compiler / optimization 변동**: 매 same source 의 다른 binary.
2. **Stripped binary**: 매 symbol 의 X.
3. **Obfuscation**: 매 anti-stylometry.
4. **Multi-author**: 매 commit 의 mix.
5. **Transfer**: 매 different language / 다른 platform.
### 매 anti-stylometry (defense)
- **Style anonymization**: 매 normalization.
- **Adversarial perturbation**.
- **Code rewriter**: 매 syntactic transform.
### 매 ethics
- **Whistleblower**: 매 anonymous code 의 expose 의 risk.
- **Open source**: 매 author 의 reveal.
- **Research participant**: 매 consent.
- **Government**: 매 dissident code 의 attribution.
## 💻 패턴
### Feature extraction (CFG-based)
```python
import angr # 매 binary analysis
def extract_cfg_features(binary_path):
proj = angr.Project(binary_path, auto_load_libs=False)
cfg = proj.analyses.CFGFast()
return {
'n_functions': len(cfg.functions),
'avg_basic_blocks': np.mean([len(f.blocks) for f in cfg.functions.values()]),
'avg_function_size': np.mean([f.size for f in cfg.functions.values()]),
'cyclomatic_complexity': sum(f.cyclomatic_complexity for f in cfg.functions.values()),
'call_depth_max': cfg.call_graph_max_depth,
}
```
### Instruction n-gram
```python
import capstone
def instruction_ngrams(binary, n=3):
md = capstone.Cs(capstone.CS_ARCH_X86, capstone.CS_MODE_64)
instructions = []
for insn in md.disasm(binary, 0x1000):
instructions.append(insn.mnemonic) # 매 mov, push, call, ...
ngrams = collections.Counter()
for i in range(len(instructions) - n + 1):
ngrams[tuple(instructions[i:i+n])] += 1
return ngrams
```
### Binary embedding (SAFE-style)
```python
import torch
import torch.nn as nn
class BinaryEmbedding(nn.Module):
"""매 instruction sequence → 매 vector."""
def __init__(self, vocab_size=10000, dim=128):
super().__init__()
self.emb = nn.Embedding(vocab_size, dim)
self.lstm = nn.LSTM(dim, dim, batch_first=True, bidirectional=True)
self.proj = nn.Linear(dim * 2, dim)
def forward(self, instruction_ids):
x = self.emb(instruction_ids)
_, (h, _) = self.lstm(x)
h = torch.cat([h[0], h[1]], dim=-1)
return self.proj(h)
# 매 train: 매 contrastive (same author 의 close, different 의 far).
```
### Author classifier (RF on features)
```python
from sklearn.ensemble import RandomForestClassifier
from sklearn.model_selection import train_test_split
# 매 N author 의 binary 의 collect
X, y = [], []
for author, binaries in dataset.items():
for b in binaries:
features = extract_features(b)
X.append(features)
y.append(author)
X_train, X_test, y_train, y_test = train_test_split(X, y, stratify=y)
clf = RandomForestClassifier(n_estimators=500, random_state=42)
clf.fit(X_train, y_train)
print(clf.score(X_test, y_test))
```
### AI vs Human code detection
```python
# 매 modern: GPTZero-style on code
def detect_ai_code(code, perplexity_threshold=30):
from transformers import GPT2LMHeadModel, GPT2Tokenizer
tok = GPT2Tokenizer.from_pretrained('gpt2')
model = GPT2LMHeadModel.from_pretrained('gpt2')
inputs = tok(code, return_tensors='pt')
with torch.no_grad():
outputs = model(**inputs, labels=inputs['input_ids'])
perplexity = torch.exp(outputs.loss).item()
return perplexity < perplexity_threshold # 매 low PP = 매 AI
```
→ 매 unreliable (false positive 많음).
### Style normalization (anti-stylometry)
```python
def normalize_code_style(source):
"""매 stylometric leak 의 reduce."""
# 매 indentation 의 standardize
source = re.sub(r'\t', ' ', source)
# 매 variable rename
ast_tree = ast.parse(source)
# 매 visit + rename — 매 deterministic.
# 매 brace style normalize, etc.
return source
```
### Malware family clustering
```python
from sklearn.cluster import DBSCAN
def cluster_malware(binaries):
embeddings = [embed(b) for b in binaries]
clusterer = DBSCAN(eps=0.3, min_samples=3, metric='cosine')
labels = clusterer.fit_predict(embeddings)
families = collections.defaultdict(list)
for b, lbl in zip(binaries, labels):
if lbl >= 0: families[lbl].append(b)
return families
```
## 🤔 결정 기준
| 응용 | Approach |
|---|---|
| Malware attribution | CFG feature + RF |
| Plagiarism (binary) | SAFE / Asm2Vec embedding |
| AI code detection | Perplexity (unreliable) + watermark |
| Cross-compiler | Multi-binary aggregate |
| Stripped binary | Decompiler + style |
| Privacy protect | Style normalization |
**기본값**: 매 hand-feature + RF baseline. 매 SAFE / 매 transformer 의 SOTA.
## 🔗 Graph
- 부모: [[Security]] · [[ESLint-Static-Analysis|Static-Analysis-Linting]]
- 변형: [[Code-Stylometry]]
- Adjacent: [[Authenticity]]
## 🤖 LLM 활용
**언제**: 매 malware analysis. 매 plagiarism check. 매 AI code detection (cautious). 매 forensic investigation.
**언제 X**: 매 single binary (insufficient sample). 매 anonymous whistleblower 의 expose (ethics).
## ❌ 안티패턴
- **Single-feature reliance**: 매 single signal 의 spoof.
- **Stripped binary 의 high confidence**: 매 less info.
- **Closed-source 의 production claim**: 매 verify X.
- **AI-detection (GPTZero-on-code)** 의 100% trust: 매 false positive.
- **Anti-stylometry 의 ignore**: 매 author 의 active resist.
## 🧪 검증 / 중복
- Verified (Caliskan-Islam 2015 USENIX, SAFE 2019, Asm2Vec).
- 신뢰도 B (active research).
- Related: [[AI-Generated-Code-Assurance]] · [[Authenticity]] · [[ESLint-Static-Analysis|Static-Analysis-Linting]] · [[Watermarking]].
## 🕓 Changelog
| 날짜 | 변경 |
|---|---|
| 2026-05-08 | Phase 1 |
| 2026-05-10 | Manual cleanup — feature + ML approach + 매 angr / capstone / RF / SAFE code + AI detection |