chore(brain): ASTRA 성장 자산 동기화 — 기능 인벤토리·growth(약점프로필/학습큐)·일화기억·장기기억·회의록 원문

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+---
+id: wiki-2026-0508-webgl-api
+title: WebGL API
+category: 10_Wiki/Topics
+status: verified
+canonical_id: self
+aliases: [WebGL, WebGL API, WebGL 1.0, WebGL 2.0]
+duplicate_of: none
+source_trust_level: A
+confidence_score: 0.9
+verification_status: applied
+tags: [webgl, graphics, gpu, gles]
+raw_sources: []
+last_reinforced: 2026-05-10
+github_commit: pending
+tech_stack:
+  language: JavaScript/GLSL
+  framework: Web Platform
+---
+
+# WebGL API
+
+## 매 한 줄
+> **"매 OpenGL ES 의 web — canvas 의 GPU draw"**. WebGL 매 OpenGL ES 2.0 (WebGL1) / ES 3.0 (WebGL2) binding 의 browser. 2026 매 WebGPU rising 매 WebGL 매 still ubiquitous — fallback / wide compatibility 의 사용.
+
+## 매 핵심
+
+### 매 pipeline
+- **Vertex shader**: per-vertex transform — clip space.
+- **Rasterizer**: triangles → fragments.
+- **Fragment shader**: per-pixel color.
+- **Framebuffer**: render target — default canvas / FBO offscreen.
+
+### 매 핵심 objects
+- **Buffer** (`ARRAY_BUFFER`, `ELEMENT_ARRAY_BUFFER`): vertex / index data.
+- **Texture** (2D / cube / 3D-WebGL2 / array-WebGL2).
+- **Program**: vertex + fragment shader linked.
+- **VAO** (WebGL2): vertex attribute state.
+- **UBO** (WebGL2): uniform block — efficient bulk uniform.
+- **Framebuffer / Renderbuffer**: offscreen render targets.
+
+### 매 응용
+1. **3D libraries**: Three.js / Babylon.js / PlayCanvas.
+2. **2D accelerated**: PixiJS / Konva.
+3. **Data viz**: deck.gl / Mapbox GL / regl.
+4. **Games / interactive**: itch.io HTML5 / Unity WebGL build.
+
+## 💻 패턴
+
+### 매 minimal triangle
+```js
+const canvas = document.querySelector('canvas');
+const gl = canvas.getContext('webgl2');
+
+const vs = `#version 300 es
+in vec2 a_pos;
+void main() { gl_Position = vec4(a_pos, 0.0, 1.0); }`;
+
+const fs = `#version 300 es
+precision highp float;
+out vec4 fragColor;
+void main() { fragColor = vec4(1.0, 0.5, 0.2, 1.0); }`;
+
+function compile(type, src) {
+  const s = gl.createShader(type);
+  gl.shaderSource(s, src); gl.compileShader(s);
+  if (!gl.getShaderParameter(s, gl.COMPILE_STATUS)) throw gl.getShaderInfoLog(s);
+  return s;
+}
+const prog = gl.createProgram();
+gl.attachShader(prog, compile(gl.VERTEX_SHADER, vs));
+gl.attachShader(prog, compile(gl.FRAGMENT_SHADER, fs));
+gl.linkProgram(prog);
+
+const vao = gl.createVertexArray();
+gl.bindVertexArray(vao);
+const vbo = gl.createBuffer();
+gl.bindBuffer(gl.ARRAY_BUFFER, vbo);
+gl.bufferData(gl.ARRAY_BUFFER, new Float32Array([0, 0.5, -0.5, -0.5, 0.5, -0.5]), gl.STATIC_DRAW);
+const loc = gl.getAttribLocation(prog, 'a_pos');
+gl.enableVertexAttribArray(loc);
+gl.vertexAttribPointer(loc, 2, gl.FLOAT, false, 0, 0);
+
+gl.useProgram(prog);
+gl.drawArrays(gl.TRIANGLES, 0, 3);
+```
+
+### Texture upload
+```js
+const tex = gl.createTexture();
+gl.bindTexture(gl.TEXTURE_2D, tex);
+gl.texImage2D(gl.TEXTURE_2D, 0, gl.RGBA8, w, h, 0, gl.RGBA, gl.UNSIGNED_BYTE, pixels);
+gl.texParameteri(gl.TEXTURE_2D, gl.TEXTURE_MIN_FILTER, gl.LINEAR_MIPMAP_LINEAR);
+gl.texParameteri(gl.TEXTURE_2D, gl.TEXTURE_MAG_FILTER, gl.LINEAR);
+gl.generateMipmap(gl.TEXTURE_2D);
+```
+
+### Instanced rendering (WebGL2)
+```js
+gl.vertexAttribDivisor(instanceLoc, 1); // advance per instance
+gl.drawArraysInstanced(gl.TRIANGLES, 0, 6, 10000); // 10k instances 1 draw call
+```
+
+### Uniform Buffer Object (WebGL2)
+```js
+const ubo = gl.createBuffer();
+gl.bindBuffer(gl.UNIFORM_BUFFER, ubo);
+gl.bufferData(gl.UNIFORM_BUFFER, mat4Buffer, gl.DYNAMIC_DRAW);
+const idx = gl.getUniformBlockIndex(prog, 'Camera');
+gl.uniformBlockBinding(prog, idx, 0);
+gl.bindBufferBase(gl.UNIFORM_BUFFER, 0, ubo);
+```
+
+### Framebuffer (offscreen / render-to-texture)
+```js
+const fbo = gl.createFramebuffer();
+gl.bindFramebuffer(gl.FRAMEBUFFER, fbo);
+const tex = gl.createTexture();
+gl.bindTexture(gl.TEXTURE_2D, tex);
+gl.texImage2D(gl.TEXTURE_2D, 0, gl.RGBA16F, w, h, 0, gl.RGBA, gl.HALF_FLOAT, null);
+gl.framebufferTexture2D(gl.FRAMEBUFFER, gl.COLOR_ATTACHMENT0, gl.TEXTURE_2D, tex, 0);
+// 매 render → tex, then post-process
+```
+
+### Transform Feedback (WebGL2 GPU compute-ish)
+```js
+gl.bindBufferBase(gl.TRANSFORM_FEEDBACK_BUFFER, 0, outBuf);
+gl.beginTransformFeedback(gl.POINTS);
+gl.drawArrays(gl.POINTS, 0, particleCount);
+gl.endTransformFeedback();
+```
+
+### Context loss handling
+```js
+canvas.addEventListener('webglcontextlost', (e) => { e.preventDefault(); });
+canvas.addEventListener('webglcontextrestored', () => { rebuildResources(); });
+```
+
+## 매 결정 기준
+| 상황 | WebGL vs WebGPU |
+|---|---|
+| 2026 wide compatibility | WebGL2 — Safari iOS / older Android |
+| Compute shader | WebGPU |
+| Multi-pass complex | WebGPU 매 cleaner state model |
+| Existing Three.js / Babylon | WebGL2 fallback + WebGPU primary |
+| Simple 2D accel | WebGL2 / 2D canvas |
+| AAA-grade graphics | WebGPU |
+
+**기본값**: Three.js with WebGPURenderer + WebGL2 fallback.
+
+## 🔗 Graph
+- 부모: [[OpenGL ES]]
+- 변형: [[WebGPU]]
+- 응용: [[Threejs]] · [[Babylon.js]]
+- Adjacent: [[GLSL]] · [[OffscreenCanvas]]
+
+## 🤖 LLM 활용
+**언제**: cross-browser 3D / 2D GPU accel / data viz / WebGPU 의 fallback.
+**언제 X**: heavy compute (no compute shader in WebGL) / cutting-edge graphics — WebGPU 사용.
+
+## ❌ 안티패턴
+- **State thrash**: bind/unbind every draw — batch by program/texture.
+- **Sync readback**: `readPixels` 매 GPU stall — use PBO async (WebGL2).
+- **No VAO**: re-binding attributes every draw — VAO 매 cache.
+- **Uniform per draw call**: UBO 의 bulk update / instancing.
+- **Premultiply confusion**: alpha blending 의 incorrect — `UNPACK_PREMULTIPLY_ALPHA_WEBGL`.
+
+## 🧪 검증 / 중복
+- Verified (Khronos WebGL 1.0/2.0 spec / MDN WebGL API).
+- 신뢰도 A.
+
+## 🕓 Changelog
+| 날짜 | 변경 |
+|---|---|
+| 2026-05-08 | Phase 1 |
+| 2026-05-10 | Manual cleanup — pipeline, VAO, UBO, FBO, instancing, transform feedback |