chore(brain): ASTRA 성장 자산 동기화 — 기능 인벤토리·growth(약점프로필/학습큐)·일화기억·장기기억·회의록 원문

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+---
+id: wiki-2026-0508-problem-solving-skills
+title: Problem Solving Skills
+category: 10_Wiki/Topics
+status: verified
+canonical_id: self
+aliases: [Problem Solving, 문제 해결 능력, debugging skills]
+duplicate_of: none
+source_trust_level: A
+confidence_score: 0.9
+verification_status: applied
+tags: [meta, debugging, engineering, methodology]
+raw_sources: []
+last_reinforced: 2026-05-10
+github_commit: pending
+tech_stack:
+  language: meta
+  framework: methodology
+---
+
+# Problem Solving Skills
+
+## 매 한 줄
+> **"매 problem 정의가 매 solution의 매 절반"**. Problem solving은 매 ill-defined situation을 매 well-defined sub-problems으로 매 decompose하고 매 hypothesis-test loop으로 매 narrow down하는 매 transferable skill set. Polya (1945) 4-step부터 매 modern debugging 까지 매 동일한 backbone.
+
+## 매 핵심
+
+### 매 Polya 4-step (1945)
+1. **Understand**: 매 input/output/constraint 매 명시.
+2. **Plan**: 매 known similar problem과 매 mapping.
+3. **Execute**: 매 plan 매 step-by-step.
+4. **Review**: 매 result verify, 매 generalize.
+
+### 매 Debugging 전용 loop
+- **매 Reproduce**: 매 minimal repro case.
+- **매 Bisect**: 매 git bisect / binary search.
+- **매 Hypothesize**: 매 1개 변수만 매 변경.
+- **매 Verify**: 매 test 매 추가.
+- **매 Postmortem**: 매 root cause + prevention.
+
+### 매 응용
+1. Production incident response (5-why).
+2. Algorithm design (decomposition + invariants).
+3. LLM prompt debugging (delta isolation).
+
+## 💻 패턴
+
+### Minimal repro extraction
+```python
+# Bisect a failing input down to minimal case
+def minimal_repro(input_list, fails):
+    while True:
+        for i in range(len(input_list)):
+            candidate = input_list[:i] + input_list[i+1:]
+            if fails(candidate):
+                input_list = candidate
+                break
+        else:
+            return input_list
+```
+
+### Git bisect automation
+```bash
+git bisect start HEAD v1.0.0
+git bisect run pytest tests/test_regression.py::test_bug
+# 매 Bisect 자동 종료 → first-bad-commit 매 출력
+```
+
+### 5-why root cause
+```yaml
+# postmortem.yaml
+incident: api 500 spike
+why_1: db connections exhausted
+why_2: connection leak in /search handler
+why_3: exception bypassed `with` cleanup
+why_4: custom context manager swallowed asyncio.CancelledError
+why_5: copy-pasted snippet from Stack Overflow without review
+fix: replace with asynccontextmanager + add lint rule
+```
+
+### Hypothesis-driven test
+```python
+# Change ONE variable per iteration
+import time
+def measure(config):
+    t = time.time(); run(config); return time.time() - t
+
+base = {"batch": 32, "workers": 4, "cache": True}
+for k in base:
+    cfg = {**base, k: not base[k] if isinstance(base[k], bool) else base[k]*2}
+    print(k, measure(cfg))
+```
+
+### Rubber-duck logger
+```python
+def trace_state(label, **vars):
+    print(f"[{label}]", " | ".join(f"{k}={v!r}" for k, v in vars.items()))
+
+trace_state("before-loop", i=0, total=len(data), seen=set())
+```
+
+## 매 결정 기준
+| 상황 | Approach |
+|---|---|
+| Bug 매 reproducible | Bisect + minimal repro |
+| Bug 매 intermittent | Logging + statistical test |
+| Algorithm 매 unknown | Polya + analogy from known |
+| Production incident | 5-why + postmortem |
+
+**기본값**: Reproduce → Bisect → Hypothesize → Verify → Document.
+
+## 🔗 Graph
+- 부모: [[Debugging]]
+- 변형: [[Polya-Method]] · [[Bisect]]
+- 응용: [[Postmortem]]
+- Adjacent: [[Scientific-Method]]
+
+## 🤖 LLM 활용
+**언제**: 매 ill-defined task decomposition, 매 stuck-state escape, 매 LLM prompt 디버깅.
+**언제 X**: 매 trivial 1-line typo (overhead).
+
+## ❌ 안티패턴
+- **매 Shotgun debugging**: 매 random 변경 후 매 동작하면 commit.
+- **매 Symptom-only fix**: 매 root cause 무시.
+- **매 No repro**: 매 "내 환경에선 됨".
+- **매 Heisenbug 회피**: 매 logging 추가하면 매 사라지는 bug 매 무시.
+
+## 🧪 검증 / 중복
+- Verified (Polya "How to Solve It" 1945, Zeller "Why Programs Fail" 2nd ed.).
+- 신뢰도 A.
+
+## 🕓 Changelog
+| 날짜 | 변경 |
+|---|---|
+| 2026-05-08 | Phase 1 |
+| 2026-05-10 | Manual cleanup — Polya + debugging loop + repro/bisect patterns |