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10_Wiki/Dev/Topic_PHP/PHP_OOP_Access_Modifiers.md

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+---
+id: php-oop-access-modifiers
+title: "PHP OOP Access Modifiers"
+category: "Programming_Language"
+status: "draft"
+verification_status: "conceptual"
+canonical_id: ""
+aliases: ["public private protected", "PHP 접근 제어자"]
+duplicate_of: ""
+source_trust_level: "B"
+confidence_score: 0.9
+created_at: 2026-07-04
+updated_at: 2026-07-04
+review_reason: ""
+merge_history: []
+tags: ["php", "programming", "w3schools", "oop", "access-modifiers"]
+raw_sources: ["https://www.w3schools.com/php/php_oop_access_modifiers.asp"]
+applied_in: []
+github_commit: ""
+---
+
+# [[PHP OOP Access Modifiers]]
+
+## 🎯 한 줄 통찰 (One-line insight)
+`protected` occupies a middle ground invisible from direct outside access, YET fully usable inside a subclass via its own method — a child class can't do `$apple->name` directly, but a method it defines (like `getType()`) CAN read `$this->name` because it executes inside the class hierarchy, not from outside it. [S1]
+
+## 🧠 핵심 개념 (Core concepts)
+- **`public`** (default if unspecified) — accessible from anywhere. [S1]
+- **`protected`** — accessible within the class AND by derived (child) classes; NOT accessible directly from outside. [S1]
+- **`private`** — accessible ONLY within the exact class where defined; not even child classes can access it directly. [S1]
+
+## 📖 세부 내용 (Details)
+- Public (works from outside): `class Fruit { public $name; ... } $apple = new Fruit(); $apple->name = "Apple"; // OK`. [S1]
+- Private (fails from outside): `class Fruit { private $name; ... } $apple->name = "Apple"; // Error`. [S1]
+- Protected (fails from outside): `class Fruit { protected $name; ... } $apple->name = "Apple"; // Error`. [S1]
+- Protected accessible via a child class's own method: `class Fruit { protected $name; public function setType($name) { $this->name = $name; } } class Apple extends Fruit { public function getType() { echo "Name: " . $this->name . "."; } } $apple = new Apple(); $apple->setType("Apple"); echo $apple->getType(); // works — accessed via a method, not directly`. [S1]
+
+## ⚖️ 모순 및 업데이트 (Contradictions & updates)
+- **protected의 이중적 접근성**: 외부에서 직접 접근($apple->name)은 불가하지만, 자식 클래스가 정의한 메서드 내부($this->name)에서는 접근 가능하다는 점이 예제로 명확히 대비됨. [S1]
+
+## 🛠️ 적용 사례 (Applied in summary)
+현재 발견된 실제 적용 사례가 없습니다 — Fruit→Apple 상속 구조에서 protected 속성에 자식 클래스 메서드로 접근하는 것이 캡슐화의 대표 실전 사례다. [S1]
+
+## 💻 코드 패턴 (Code patterns)
+Protected property accessible via a child class's method, not directly (PHP):
+```php
+class Fruit {
+    protected $name;
+    public function setType($name) { $this->name = $name; }
+}
+class Apple extends Fruit {
+    public function getType() { echo "Name: " . $this->name . "."; }
+}
+$apple = new Apple();
+$apple->setType("Apple");
+echo $apple->getType(); // works
+// echo $apple->name; // Error: cannot access protected property directly
+```
+
+## ✅ 검증 상태 및 신뢰도
+- **상태:** draft
+- **검증 단계:** conceptual
+- **출처 신뢰도:** B (W3Schools — widely used educational reference, not a primary standards body)
+- **신뢰 점수:** 0.90
+- **중복 검사 결과:** 신규 생성 (New discovery)
+
+## 🔗 지식 그래프 (Knowledge Graph)
+- **상위/루트:** [[PHP Tutorial]]
+- **관련 개념:** [[PHP OOP Destructor]], [[PHP OOP Inheritance]]
+- **참조 맥락:** 접근 제어의 기초 — 상속(Inheritance) 챕터로 직접 이어짐.
+
+## 📚 출처 (Sources)
+- [S1] W3Schools — PHP OOP - Access Modifiers — https://www.w3schools.com/php/php_oop_access_modifiers.asp
+
+## 📝 변경 이력 (Change history)
+- 2026-07-04: Initial draft synthesized from the W3Schools "PHP OOP Access Modifiers" page (Astra wiki-curation, P-Reinforce v3.1 format).