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10_Wiki/Dev/Topic_C/C_User_Input.md

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+---
+id: c-user-input
+title: "C User Input"
+category: "Programming_Language"
+status: "draft"
+verification_status: "conceptual"
+canonical_id: ""
+aliases: ["scanf function", "fgets function", "C 사용자 입력"]
+duplicate_of: ""
+source_trust_level: "B"
+confidence_score: 0.87
+created_at: 2026-07-04
+updated_at: 2026-07-04
+review_reason: ""
+merge_history: []
+tags: ["c", "programming-language", "w3schools", "user-input", "scanf", "fgets"]
+raw_sources: ["https://www.w3schools.com/c/c_user_input.php"]
+applied_in: []
+github_commit: ""
+---
+
+# [[C User Input]]
+
+## 🎯 한 줄 통찰 (One-line insight)
+`scanf("%s", ...)` treats WHITESPACE as a terminator — the source's own demonstration types "John Doe" but the program only prints "John," silently dropping everything after the first space — which is exactly why `fgets()` exists as a SEPARATE tool specifically for multi-word input, meaning the choice between `scanf()` and `fgets()` isn't stylistic, it's dictated by whether the expected input could ever contain a space. [S1]
+
+## 🧠 핵심 개념 (Core concepts)
+- **`scanf(format, &variable)`** — reads user input matching the given format specifier; requires the `&` reference operator for basic types (but NOT for strings, since an array name is already a pointer). [S1]
+- **Multiple inputs in one call** — `scanf("%d %c", &myNum, &myChar);` reads several values matched to their respective format specifiers in order. [S1]
+- **String input via `scanf("%s", name)`** — no `&` needed (array name = pointer); requires a large-enough buffer declared in advance (e.g. `char firstName[30]`). [S1]
+- **`scanf`'s whitespace-termination limitation** — treats spaces/tabs as a terminating character, so it can only capture a SINGLE WORD even if the user types multiple words. [S1]
+- **`fgets(buffer, sizeof(buffer), stdin)`** — reads a full LINE of text including spaces, the correct tool for multi-word input like a full name. [S1]
+
+## 📖 세부 내용 (Details)
+- Basic numeric input: `int myNum; scanf("%d", &myNum);`. [S1]
+- Multiple inputs in one call: `int myNum; char myChar; scanf("%d %c", &myNum, &myChar);`. [S1]
+- String input demonstrating the space-termination trap: `char fullName[30]; scanf("%s", &fullName); // "Type your full name: John Doe" → prints only "Hello John"`. [S1]
+- The `fgets()` fix for multi-word input: `char fullName[30]; fgets(fullName, sizeof(fullName), stdin); // "John Doe" → prints "Hello John Doe"`. [S1]
+
+## ⚖️ 모순 및 업데이트 (Contradictions & updates)
+- **scanf("%s", ...)는 공백에서 끊김**: "John Doe"를 입력해도 공백을 종료 문자로 취급해 "John"만 출력된다는 점이 직접 예제로 증명되며, 여러 단어를 받으려면 fgets()를 써야 한다는 대안이 명확히 제시됨. [S1]
+
+## 🛠️ 적용 사례 (Applied in summary)
+사용자의 전체 이름(공백 포함)을 정확히 입력받기 위해 scanf() 대신 fgets()를 사용하는 예제가 원문에서 직접 실전 활용 사례로 제시됨. [S1]
+
+## 💻 코드 패턴 (Code patterns)
+Reading a full line of text (including spaces) with fgets() instead of scanf() (C):
+```c
+char fullName[30];
+printf("Type your full name: \n");
+fgets(fullName, sizeof(fullName), stdin);
+printf("Hello %s", fullName); // "John Doe" prints in full
+```
+
+## ✅ 검증 상태 및 신뢰도
+- **상태:** draft
+- **검증 단계:** conceptual
+- **출처 신뢰도:** B (W3Schools — widely used educational reference, not a primary standards body)
+- **신뢰 점수:** 0.87
+- **중복 검사 결과:** 신규 생성 (New discovery)
+
+## 🔗 지식 그래프 (Knowledge Graph)
+- **상위/루트:** [[C Tutorial]]
+- **관련 개념:** [[C Scope]], [[C Do While Loop]], [[C Date Time]]
+- **참조 맥락:** 사용자 입력 — 날짜와 시간(Date Time) 챕터로 이어짐.
+
+## 📚 출처 (Sources)
+- [S1] W3Schools — C User Input — https://www.w3schools.com/c/c_user_input.php
+
+## 📝 변경 이력 (Change history)
+- 2026-07-04: Initial draft synthesized from the W3Schools "C User Input" page (Astra wiki-curation, P-Reinforce v3.1 format).