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10_Wiki/Dev/Topic_C/C_Functions_Callback.md

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+---
+id: c-functions-callback
+title: "C Callback Functions"
+category: "Programming_Language"
+status: "draft"
+verification_status: "conceptual"
+canonical_id: ""
+aliases: ["callback pattern", "qsort callback", "C 콜백 함수"]
+duplicate_of: ""
+source_trust_level: "B"
+confidence_score: 0.87
+created_at: 2026-07-04
+updated_at: 2026-07-04
+review_reason: ""
+merge_history: []
+tags: ["c", "programming-language", "w3schools", "functions", "callbacks", "qsort"]
+raw_sources: ["https://www.w3schools.com/c/c_functions_callback.php"]
+applied_in: []
+github_commit: ""
+---
+
+# [[C Callback Functions]]
+
+## 🎯 한 줄 통찰 (One-line insight)
+`qsort()` — a real C standard library function, not a toy example — proves that callbacks aren't merely a teaching device but the actual mechanism the STANDARD LIBRARY itself relies on: `qsort()` has no idea how to compare YOUR specific data, so it delegates that decision entirely to a `compare()` function you supply, meaning the library's generic sorting algorithm and your data-specific comparison logic stay completely decoupled. [S1]
+
+## 🧠 핵심 개념 (Core concepts)
+- **Callback function** — a function passed AS AN ARGUMENT to another function, which then calls it back whenever needed; implemented in C via function pointers. [S1]
+- **Decoupling logic from control flow** — the RECEIVING function (`runCallback`, `calculate`, `greet`) doesn't need to know the callback's name in advance; it just needs a matching function-pointer type. [S1]
+- **Parameter-matching requirement** — a callback with parameters requires the function pointer TYPE in the receiving function's signature to match exactly (`void (*callback)(int, int)`). [S1]
+- **Real standard-library usage: `qsort()`** — from `<stdlib.h>`; you supply a `compare()` function, and `qsort()` calls it internally as many times as needed while sorting. [S1]
+
+## 📖 세부 내용 (Details)
+- Basic callback with before/after wrapping: `void runCallback(void (*callback)()) { printf("Before calling the callback...\n"); callback(); printf("After calling the callback.\n"); } runCallback(sayHello);`. [S1]
+- Callback with parameters: `void calculate(void (*callback)(int, int), int x, int y) { callback(x, y); } calculate(addNumbers, 5, 3);`. [S1]
+- Real-world `qsort()` usage with a user-supplied comparator: `int compare(const void *a, const void *b) { return (*(int*)a - *(int*)b); } qsort(numbers, size, sizeof(int), compare);`. [S1]
+
+## ⚖️ 모순 및 업데이트 (Contradictions & updates)
+- 현재까지 발견된 모순 사항 없음 (No contradictions found in available sources).
+
+## 🛠️ 적용 사례 (Applied in summary)
+표준 라이브러리의 qsort() 함수가 사용자 정의 compare() 콜백을 받아 정렬 기준을 위임받는 것이 콜백 패턴의 실제 실전 활용 사례로 원문에 직접 제시됨. [S1]
+
+## 💻 코드 패턴 (Code patterns)
+Using a user-supplied comparison callback with the standard library's qsort() (C):
+```c
+#include <stdlib.h>
+int compare(const void *a, const void *b) {
+  return (*(int*)a - *(int*)b);
+}
+int main() {
+  int numbers[] = { 5, 2, 9, 1, 7 };
+  int size = sizeof(numbers) / sizeof(numbers[0]);
+  qsort(numbers, size, sizeof(int), compare);
+  return 0;
+}
+```
+
+## ✅ 검증 상태 및 신뢰도
+- **상태:** draft
+- **검증 단계:** conceptual
+- **출처 신뢰도:** B (W3Schools — widely used educational reference, not a primary standards body)
+- **신뢰 점수:** 0.87
+- **중복 검사 결과:** 신규 생성 (New discovery)
+
+## 🔗 지식 그래프 (Knowledge Graph)
+- **상위/루트:** [[C Tutorial]]
+- **관련 개념:** [[C Functions Pointers]], [[C Functions Inline]], [[C Scope]]
+- **참조 맥락:** 콜백 함수 — 인라인 함수(Functions Inline) 챕터로 이어짐.
+
+## 📚 출처 (Sources)
+- [S1] W3Schools — C Callback Functions — https://www.w3schools.com/c/c_functions_callback.php
+
+## 📝 변경 이력 (Change history)
+- 2026-07-04: Initial draft synthesized from the W3Schools "C Callback Functions" page (Astra wiki-curation, P-Reinforce v3.1 format).