---
id: wiki-2026-0508-digital-thread-integration
title: Digital Thread Integration
category: 10_Wiki/Topics
status: verified
canonical_id: self
aliases: [Digital Thread, Industrial Data Thread]
duplicate_of: none
source_trust_level: A
confidence_score: 0.9
verification_status: applied
tags: [iiot, digital-thread, manufacturing, plm]
raw_sources: []
last_reinforced: 2026-05-10
github_commit: applied
tech_stack:
  language: Python/SQL
  framework: OPC UA/MQTT/Kafka
---

# Digital Thread Integration

## 매 한 줄
> **"매 product lifecycle 의 모든 data 가 single linked thread 로 흐르는 것."**. Digital Thread 는 design (CAD) → engineering (PLM) → manufacturing (MES) → operations (IoT) → service (CRM) 까지 매 traceable, queryable 하게 연결하는 매 manufacturing/aerospace 의 backbone. 2026 의 standard: ISA-95 + OPC UA + Asset Administration Shell (AAS) + RAMI 4.0 + IDS data spaces.

## 매 핵심

### 매 Digital Thread vs Digital Twin
- **Thread**: 매 data lineage — design intent ↔ as-built ↔ as-maintained.
- **Twin**: 매 simulation model of a specific asset.
- **관계**: Twin 은 Thread 의 cross-section snapshot.

### 매 Layer Stack
1. **Edge**: PLC, sensor, OPC UA server.
2. **Connectivity**: MQTT, OPC UA, MTConnect.
3. **Stream**: Kafka / Pulsar — high-throughput.
4. **Storage**: time-series (InfluxDB, TimescaleDB), data lake (Iceberg).
5. **Semantic**: Asset Administration Shell, ontology (W3C SOSA/SSN).
6. **Application**: PLM (Teamcenter, Windchill), MES, ERP.

### 매 응용
1. Aerospace — 매 part traceability, certification.
2. Automotive — 매 EV battery passport (EU 2027 mandate).
3. Industrial maintenance — 매 predictive + service history.
4. Pharma — 매 batch genealogy.
5. EU Digital Product Passport — 매 sustainability.

## 💻 패턴

### OPC UA client (Python)
```python
from asyncua import Client
async def main():
    async with Client(url="opc.tcp://plant.local:4840") as c:
        node = c.get_node("ns=2;s=Line1.Press.Temp")
        async for v in node.subscribe_data_change(callback):
            pass
```

### MQTT Sparkplug B (manufacturing-standard payload)
```python
import paho.mqtt.client as mqtt
import sparkplug_b as sp
payload = sp.getDdataPayload()
sp.addMetric(payload, "Temp", None, sp.MetricDataType.Float, 72.5)
client.publish("spBv1.0/PlantA/DDATA/Edge1/Press1", payload.SerializeToString())
```

### Asset Administration Shell submodel
```json
{
  "idShort": "Nameplate",
  "submodelElements": [
    {"idShort":"ManufacturerName","value":"Acme"},
    {"idShort":"SerialNumber","value":"SN-A1B2"},
    {"idShort":"YearOfConstruction","value":"2026"}
  ]
}
```

### Kafka pipeline edge → lake
```python
from confluent_kafka import Producer
import pyarrow.parquet as pq
p = Producer({'bootstrap.servers':'kafka:9092','compression.type':'zstd'})
p.produce('plant.line1.temp', key=part_id, value=msg.SerializeToString())
# downstream Flink/Spark → Iceberg table
```

### Digital Product Passport (EU 2027)
```json
{
  "productId": "urn:gtin:01234567890128",
  "carbonFootprintKg": 12.4,
  "materials": [{"name":"Li","massGrams":1200}],
  "recycledContentPercent": 18,
  "linkedTwin": "urn:twin:battery:SN-A1B2"
}
```

## 매 결정 기준
| 상황 | Approach |
|---|---|
| Field bus modernization | OPC UA |
| IoT-style telemetry | MQTT Sparkplug B |
| Cross-vendor semantics | AAS / IDS |
| Stream backbone | Kafka / Pulsar |
| Time-series store | TimescaleDB / Influx |
| Lake | Iceberg + Trino |

**기본값**: 매 OPC UA + MQTT Sparkplug B → Kafka → Iceberg.

## 🔗 Graph
- 부모: [[Digital Twins]] · [[Digital Twins|Digital-Twin-Technology]]
- 변형: [[클라우드_인프라_및_IaC_운영_표준|IoT]]
- 응용: [[Engineering Metrics (DORA)]]
- Adjacent: [[Digital Intellectual Property Rights]]

## 🤖 LLM 활용
**언제**: ontology mapping, anomaly summary, maintenance work-order draft.
**언제 X**: 매 safety-critical PLC logic — formal verification 만.

## ❌ 안티패턴
- **Polling 오버**: 매 OPC UA subscribe 사용 — pub/sub.
- **Untimestamped data**: 매 Thread 의 핵심은 시간 lineage.
- **Vendor lock**: 매 proprietary protocol — open standards 사용.
- **No identity**: 매 GS1, urn 등 stable id 필수.

## 🧪 검증 / 중복
- Verified: ISA-95 spec; OPC UA Part 1; Plattform Industrie 4.0 AAS spec; EU DPP regulation 2024.
- 신뢰도 A.

## 🕓 Changelog
| 날짜 | 변경 |
|---|---|
| 2026-05-08 | Phase 1 |
| 2026-05-10 | Manual cleanup — Thread vs Twin + OPC UA/MQTT/AAS |
