---
id: react-editor-slate-lexical
title: Rich Text Editor — Slate / Lexical / TipTap
category: Coding
status: draft
source_trust_level: B
verification_status: conceptual
created_at: 2026-05-09
updated_at: 2026-05-09
tags: [react, editor, slate, lexical, tiptap, vibe-coding]
tech_stack: { language: "TS / React", applicable_to: ["Frontend"] }
applied_in: []
aliases: [Slate, Lexical, TipTap, ProseMirror, rich text, contenteditable, WYSIWYG]
---

# Rich Text Editor

> **TipTap (ProseMirror) = production safe, 큰 ecosystem**. **Lexical (Meta) = modern, 강력 collab**. **Slate = 유연 + 학습 곡선**. `contenteditable` 직접은 lock-in / bug 지옥.

## 📖 핵심 개념
- ProseMirror: 커리어 standard. Schema 기반 + 변경 immutable.
- Slate: React friendly, 유연.
- Lexical: 새, headless + framework-agnostic.
- contenteditable: HTML native, 그러나 cross-browser 어려움.

## 💻 코드 패턴

### TipTap (ProseMirror wrapper)
```tsx
import { EditorContent, useEditor } from '@tiptap/react';
import StarterKit from '@tiptap/starter-kit';
import Image from '@tiptap/extension-image';
import Link from '@tiptap/extension-link';

function Editor() {
  const editor = useEditor({
    extensions: [
      StarterKit,
      Image,
      Link.configure({ openOnClick: false }),
    ],
    content: '<p>Hello</p>',
    onUpdate: ({ editor }) => console.log(editor.getJSON()),
  });

  return (
    <div>
      <Toolbar editor={editor} />
      <EditorContent editor={editor} className="prose" />
    </div>
  );
}

function Toolbar({ editor }: ...) {
  if (!editor) return null;
  return (
    <div>
      <button onClick={() => editor.chain().focus().toggleBold().run()}
              className={editor.isActive('bold') ? 'active' : ''}>B</button>
      <button onClick={() => editor.chain().focus().toggleHeading({ level: 2 }).run()}>H2</button>
    </div>
  );
}
```

### Custom extension (TipTap)
```ts
import { Mark, mergeAttributes } from '@tiptap/core';

const Highlight = Mark.create({
  name: 'highlight',
  parseHTML() { return [{ tag: 'mark' }]; },
  renderHTML({ HTMLAttributes }) { return ['mark', mergeAttributes(HTMLAttributes), 0]; },
  addCommands() {
    return {
      toggleHighlight: () => ({ commands }) => commands.toggleMark(this.name),
    };
  },
});
```

### Lexical
```tsx
import { LexicalComposer } from '@lexical/react/LexicalComposer';
import { RichTextPlugin } from '@lexical/react/LexicalRichTextPlugin';
import { ContentEditable } from '@lexical/react/LexicalContentEditable';
import { HistoryPlugin } from '@lexical/react/LexicalHistoryPlugin';
import { ListPlugin } from '@lexical/react/LexicalListPlugin';
import { ListNode, ListItemNode } from '@lexical/list';
import { HeadingNode } from '@lexical/rich-text';

const config = {
  namespace: 'Editor',
  nodes: [HeadingNode, ListNode, ListItemNode],
  onError: (e: Error) => console.error(e),
};

<LexicalComposer initialConfig={config}>
  <RichTextPlugin
    contentEditable={<ContentEditable />}
    placeholder={<p>Write...</p>}
    ErrorBoundary={LexicalErrorBoundary}
  />
  <HistoryPlugin />
  <ListPlugin />
</LexicalComposer>
```

### Slate
```tsx
import { createEditor, Descendant, Editor, Transforms } from 'slate';
import { Slate, Editable, withReact } from 'slate-react';

const initial: Descendant[] = [{ type: 'paragraph', children: [{ text: 'Hello' }] }];

function MyEditor() {
  const [editor] = useState(() => withReact(createEditor()));
  const [value, setValue] = useState(initial);

  return (
    <Slate editor={editor} initialValue={initial} onChange={setValue}>
      <Editable
        renderElement={({ element, attributes, children }) => {
          if (element.type === 'heading') return <h2 {...attributes}>{children}</h2>;
          return <p {...attributes}>{children}</p>;
        }}
        onKeyDown={(e) => {
          if (e.key === 'b' && (e.ctrlKey || e.metaKey)) {
            e.preventDefault();
            Editor.addMark(editor, 'bold', true);
          }
        }}
      />
    </Slate>
  );
}
```

### Save / Load (JSON)
```ts
// TipTap
const json = editor.getJSON();
await api.saveDoc({ content: json });
editor.commands.setContent(json);

// Lexical
editor.update(() => {
  const json = editor.getEditorState().toJSON();
});

editor.setEditorState(editor.parseEditorState(savedJson));
```

### Collaborative (yjs)
```tsx
import * as Y from 'yjs';
import { WebsocketProvider } from 'y-websocket';
import { TiptapCollabProvider } from '@hocuspocus/provider';
import Collaboration from '@tiptap/extension-collaboration';
import CollaborationCursor from '@tiptap/extension-collaboration-cursor';

const ydoc = new Y.Doc();
const provider = new WebsocketProvider('ws://localhost:1234', 'doc-1', ydoc);

const editor = useEditor({
  extensions: [
    StarterKit.configure({ history: false }),
    Collaboration.configure({ document: ydoc }),
    CollaborationCursor.configure({ provider, user: { name: 'Alice', color: '#ff0' } }),
  ],
});
```

### Markdown 입력 / 출력
```ts
// TipTap markdown
import { Markdown } from 'tiptap-markdown';
extensions: [StarterKit, Markdown]

editor.storage.markdown.getMarkdown(); // text
editor.commands.setContent('# Hello'); // accepts markdown
```

### XSS 방지
```ts
// 입력 / 출력 — schema 안전
// 사용자 HTML 직접 setContent X — JSON / sanitized HTML 만
import DOMPurify from 'dompurify';
const safe = DOMPurify.sanitize(userHtml);
editor.commands.setContent(safe);
```

## 🤔 의사결정 기준
| 상황 | 추천 |
|---|---|
| 일반 + 큰 ecosystem | TipTap |
| Modern + Meta + collab | Lexical |
| 매우 custom | Slate |
| 단순 markdown | react-markdown / remark |
| Code editor | Monaco / CodeMirror 6 |
| Notion-like | Tiptap + 자체 block extensions |

## ❌ 안티패턴
- **`contenteditable` 직접**: 브라우저 차이 + 버그.
- **HTML diff 직접 변경**: editor 가 mutation observer.
- **Save 매 keystroke**: throttle / debounce.
- **Markdown 양방향 perfect 가정**: lossy. JSON 가 정.
- **사용자 HTML 그대로 setContent**: XSS. sanitize / schema 만.
- **Collab 없는데 yjs 통합**: overhead. 단순 save.
- **Plugin 전부 Always 로딩**: bundle. 필요 시 lazy.

## 🤖 LLM 활용 힌트
- 시작 = TipTap (StarterKit 한 줄).
- 큰 / collab = Lexical + yjs.
- Save = JSON (setContent / parseEditorState).

## 🔗 관련 문서
- [[Security_Output_Encoding_XSS]]
- [[React_Component_Composition]]
- [[Frontend_A11y_Testing]]
