---
id: wiki-2026-0508-모바일-퍼스트-mobile-first
title: 모바일 퍼스트(Mobile-First)
category: 10_Wiki/Topics
status: verified
canonical_id: self
aliases: [Mobile-First, 모바일 우선, Mobile First Design, 모바일 우선주의]
duplicate_of: none
source_trust_level: A
confidence_score: 0.9
verification_status: applied
tags: [frontend, responsive, css, mobile, design]
raw_sources: []
last_reinforced: 2026-05-10
github_commit: pending
tech_stack:
  language: css
  framework: tailwind
---

# 모바일 퍼스트(Mobile-First)

## 매 한 줄
> **"매 작은 화면부터 design — 큰 화면 의 progressive enhancement"**. Luke Wroblewski (2009)가 제창, smallest viewport 기준 baseline CSS, larger breakpoint 의 `min-width` media query 의 progressive enhancement. 매 2026 의 mobile traffic 60%+ 환경의 default approach.

## 매 핵심

### 매 vs Desktop-first
| | Mobile-first | Desktop-first |
|---|---|---|
| Baseline | smallest viewport | largest viewport |
| Media query | `min-width` (up) | `max-width` (down) |
| Mindset | progressive enhancement | graceful degradation |
| Default 2026 | ✓ | (legacy) |

### 매 3원칙 (Wroblewski)
1. **Constraints force focus** — small screen 매 essential content prioritize.
2. **Capabilities expand** — touch, GPS, camera 의 leverage.
3. **Progressive enhancement** — base 의 small + add 의 large.

### 매 응용
1. **Performance budget** — mobile network slow → minimal payload first.
2. **Touch-first UX** — 44×44px tap target (Apple HIG), 48×48dp (Material).
3. **Content hierarchy** — most important top, fold concept abandoned.

## 💻 패턴

### 1. CSS mobile-first media query
```css
/* base — mobile (< 640px implicit) */
.container {
  padding: 1rem;
  font-size: 14px;
}

.grid {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 1fr;
  gap: 1rem;
}

/* tablet ≥ 640px */
@media (min-width: 640px) {
  .container { padding: 2rem; font-size: 16px; }
  .grid { grid-template-columns: repeat(2, 1fr); }
}

/* desktop ≥ 1024px */
@media (min-width: 1024px) {
  .grid { grid-template-columns: repeat(3, 1fr); gap: 2rem; }
}
```

### 2. Tailwind mobile-first utilities
```tsx
// base 의 mobile, sm:/md:/lg: 의 enhancement
export function Card() {
  return (
    <div className="p-4 sm:p-6 lg:p-8">
      <h2 className="text-xl sm:text-2xl lg:text-3xl">Title</h2>
      <div className="grid grid-cols-1 sm:grid-cols-2 lg:grid-cols-3 gap-4">
        <Item />
        <Item />
        <Item />
      </div>
    </div>
  );
}
```

### 3. Container queries (modern 2026)
```css
.card-container {
  container-type: inline-size;
  container-name: card;
}

.card { display: flex; flex-direction: column; }

@container card (min-width: 400px) {
  .card { flex-direction: row; }
}
```

### 4. Responsive image (srcset)
```html
<img
  src="hero-mobile.webp"
  srcset="hero-mobile.webp 480w, hero-tablet.webp 1024w, hero-desktop.webp 1920w"
  sizes="(min-width: 1024px) 1920px, (min-width: 640px) 1024px, 100vw"
  alt="Hero"
  loading="lazy"
/>
```

### 5. Viewport meta + safe area
```html
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, viewport-fit=cover">
```
```css
.app {
  padding-top: env(safe-area-inset-top);
  padding-bottom: env(safe-area-inset-bottom);
}
```

### 6. Touch-friendly tap targets
```css
button, a {
  min-width: 44px;
  min-height: 44px;
  padding: 0.75rem 1rem;
  /* Apple HIG: 44×44pt minimum */
}
```

### 7. Performance: critical CSS inline
```html
<head>
  <style>/* critical above-fold CSS, < 14KB */</style>
  <link rel="preload" href="main.css" as="style" onload="this.rel='stylesheet'">
</head>
```

## 매 결정 기준
| 상황 | Approach |
|---|---|
| New project 2026 | mobile-first default. |
| Legacy desktop site | gradual migration via container queries. |
| Internal tool (desktop only) | desktop-first 도 OK 매 — but mobile-first 매 future-proof. |
| Component library | container queries > viewport media queries (component reusability). |

**기본값**: Tailwind mobile-first utilities + container queries 매 component-level.

## 🔗 Graph
- 변형: [[컨테이너 쿼리 (Container Queries)]]
- 응용: [[CSS_Architecture_and_Styling|Tailwind CSS]]
- Adjacent: [[Core Web Vitals Optimization (INP, LCP 개선)|Core Web Vitals]]

## 🤖 LLM 활용
**언제**: 새 web project, e-commerce, content site, public-facing app, PWA.
**언제 X**: desktop-only enterprise tool 의 absolute desktop-first 가 효율적인 case (rare).

## ❌ 안티패턴
- **`max-width` 만 의 의존**: 매 reverse mobile-first defeats purpose.
- **고정 px 의 layout**: rem/em/% 의 use.
- **Hover-only interactions**: touch 의 hover 없음 — tap fallback 필수.
- **Fold obsession**: 매 mobile 의 scrolling natural — fold 없음.
- **Tap target < 44px**: thumb miss-tap.

## 🧪 검증 / 중복
- Verified (Wroblewski "Mobile First" 2011, Google Web.dev 2026, MDN responsive design).
- 신뢰도 A.
- Canonical 매 [[모바일 퍼스트(Mobile-First)]] — 매 [[모바일 우선주의 (Mobile-First) 디자인]], [[모바일 퍼스트 및 다양한 디바이스 환경을 위한 반응형 레이아웃 구축]] redirect 매 here.

## 🕓 Changelog
| 날짜 | 변경 |
|---|---|
| 2026-05-08 | Phase 1 |
| 2026-05-10 | Manual cleanup — canonical full content + 7 patterns (CSS, Tailwind, container queries) |
