---
id: wiki-2026-0508-software-architecture-recovery
title: Software Architecture Recovery
category: 10_Wiki/Topics
status: verified
canonical_id: self
aliases: [Architecture Recovery, Reverse Architecting]
duplicate_of: none
source_trust_level: A
confidence_score: 0.85
verification_status: applied
tags: [architecture, reverse-engineering, legacy, static-analysis]
raw_sources: []
last_reinforced: 2026-05-10
github_commit: pending
tech_stack:
  language: python
  framework: networkx
---

# Software Architecture Recovery

## 매 한 줄
> **"매 source code → 매 architectural model 의 inference"**. Documentation 의 lost / outdated 의 legacy system 의 understanding. 2026 현재 매 LLM (Claude Opus 4.7, GPT-5) 의 augmented static-analysis 가 매 dominant — 매 dependency graph + cluster + LLM-named module summary.

## 매 핵심

### 매 phases
1. **Extraction**: 매 source code, build files, config 의 parse → entities (file, class, module).
2. **Abstraction**: 매 dependency graph, call graph, data-flow.
3. **Clustering**: 매 community detection (Louvain, label propagation), 매 LLM semantic grouping.
4. **Presentation**: C4 diagram, dependency matrix, ADR.

### 매 techniques
- **Static**: AST parse, import graph (madge, jdeps, pyan).
- **Dynamic**: trace logs, profilers, distributed tracing (OTel).
- **Hybrid**: 매 static + runtime call data merge.
- **LLM-augmented**: 매 module 별 README/code → 매 LLM summary, 매 architecture description.

### 매 응용
1. Legacy modernization assessment.
2. Microservice decomposition planning.
3. Onboarding new engineers.

## 💻 패턴

### Python — import graph 의 추출
```python
import ast, os, networkx as nx
G = nx.DiGraph()
for root, _, files in os.walk("src"):
    for f in files:
        if not f.endswith(".py"): continue
        path = os.path.join(root, f)
        tree = ast.parse(open(path).read())
        mod = path.replace("/", ".").removesuffix(".py")
        for node in ast.walk(tree):
            if isinstance(node, ast.ImportFrom) and node.module:
                G.add_edge(mod, node.module)
```

### JavaScript — madge dependency graph
```bash
npx madge --image graph.svg --extensions ts,tsx src/
npx madge --circular src/  # detect cycles
```

### Java — jdeps + GraalVM
```bash
jdeps -verbose:class -recursive app.jar > deps.txt
jdeps --inverse --package com.acme.payment app.jar
```

### Community detection (Louvain)
```python
import networkx as nx
from networkx.algorithms.community import louvain_communities
modules = louvain_communities(G.to_undirected(), resolution=1.2, seed=42)
for i, m in enumerate(modules):
    print(f"Module {i}: {sorted(m)[:5]}...")
```

### LLM-augmented module naming (Claude Opus 4.7)
```python
from anthropic import Anthropic
client = Anthropic()
def name_module(files: list[str], code_snippets: list[str]) -> str:
    msg = client.messages.create(
        model="claude-opus-4-7",
        max_tokens=200,
        messages=[{"role": "user", "content":
            f"Files: {files}\n\nSnippets:\n{code_snippets}\n\n"
            "Give a 3-word module name + 1-line responsibility."}],
    )
    return msg.content[0].text
```

### Runtime trace → architecture (OpenTelemetry)
```python
# Aggregate spans into service-level call graph
from collections import Counter
edges = Counter()
for span in fetch_traces(service="checkout", since="24h"):
    if span.parent and span.parent.service != span.service:
        edges[(span.parent.service, span.service)] += 1
# Top edges = primary architectural connections
```

### C4 diagram emission (Structurizr DSL)
```dsl
workspace {
  model {
    user = person "Customer"
    sys = softwareSystem "Shop" {
      web = container "Web"
      api = container "API"
      db = container "Postgres"
    }
    user -> web "uses"
    web -> api "REST"
    api -> db "JDBC"
  }
}
```

## 매 결정 기준
| 상황 | Approach |
|---|---|
| Small monolith (<100k LoC) | Static import graph + manual review |
| Microservices distributed | Distributed tracing (OTel) + service map |
| Legacy COBOL/Java enterprise | Lattix / Structure101 commercial tools |
| Quick high-level overview | LLM (Opus 4.7) on README + top-level dirs |
| Decomposition planning | Static + dynamic + LLM hybrid |

**기본값**: 매 static import graph (madge / pyan / jdeps) → Louvain cluster → LLM name → C4 diagram.

## 🔗 Graph
- 부모: [[Software Architecture]]
- 응용: [[Legacy Modernization]]
- Adjacent: [[C4 Model (Architecture Documentation)]] · [[Dependency Analysis]] · [[Static Analysis]]

## 🤖 LLM 활용
**언제**: 매 undocumented codebase 의 onboarding, 매 modernization plan, 매 dependency cycle 의 detect.
**언제 X**: 매 well-documented current arch — 매 ADR 의 read 의 충분.

## ❌ 안티패턴
- **Recovered = correct**: 매 inferred architecture 는 매 historical, 매 ideal X. Validate with team.
- **Static only for distributed system**: 매 runtime topology 의 lost.
- **LLM hallucination**: 매 module name 의 plausible 의 X-correct. 매 verify.

## 🧪 검증 / 중복
- Verified (Garlan & Schmerl SAR research, 2002–2024; SEI architecture reconstruction guides).
- 신뢰도 A.

## 🕓 Changelog
| 날짜 | 변경 |
|---|---|
| 2026-05-08 | Phase 1 |
| 2026-05-10 | Manual cleanup — recovery techniques with LLM-augmented analysis |
