---
id: android-foreground-service-patterns
title: Android Foreground Service — 14+ 제약 + 타입
category: Coding
status: draft
source_trust_level: B
verification_status: conceptual
created_at: 2026-05-09
updated_at: 2026-05-09
tags: [android, foreground-service, vibe-coding]
tech_stack: { language: "Kotlin / Android", applicable_to: ["Android"] }
applied_in: []
aliases: [foreground service, FGS, service type, partial wake lock, notification channel]
---

# Foreground Service

> 백그라운드에서 사용자가 인지하는 작업 (재생, 운동, 위치). **Android 14+ = service type 명시 필수**. Notification 항상 + 적절한 lifetime 만.

## 📖 핵심 개념
- FGS: 사용자가 알고 있는 background 작업. notification 표시.
- Type: dataSync / mediaPlayback / location / phoneCall / health 등 (Android 14+).
- WorkManager: 단순 정기 작업 — FGS 보다 우선 고려.
- 권한 (Android 13+): POST_NOTIFICATIONS.

## 💻 코드 패턴

### Manifest
```xml
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.FOREGROUND_SERVICE" />
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.FOREGROUND_SERVICE_MEDIA_PLAYBACK" /> <!-- 14+ -->
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.POST_NOTIFICATIONS" />

<service
    android:name=".PlayerService"
    android:foregroundServiceType="mediaPlayback"
    android:exported="false" />
```

### Service 구현
```kotlin
class PlayerService : Service() {
    override fun onCreate() {
        super.onCreate()
        createChannel()
        startForeground(NOTIF_ID, buildNotification("Loading..."), 
            ServiceInfo.FOREGROUND_SERVICE_TYPE_MEDIA_PLAYBACK)
    }

    override fun onStartCommand(intent: Intent?, flags: Int, startId: Int): Int {
        when (intent?.action) {
            "PLAY"  -> player.play()
            "PAUSE" -> player.pause()
            "STOP"  -> stopSelf()
        }
        return START_STICKY
    }

    override fun onBind(intent: Intent?): IBinder? = null

    override fun onDestroy() {
        player.release()
        super.onDestroy()
    }

    private fun createChannel() {
        val ch = NotificationChannel("player", "Player", NotificationManager.IMPORTANCE_LOW)
        getSystemService<NotificationManager>()?.createNotificationChannel(ch)
    }

    private fun buildNotification(text: String): Notification {
        val pi = PendingIntent.getActivity(this, 0, Intent(this, MainActivity::class.java),
            PendingIntent.FLAG_IMMUTABLE)
        return NotificationCompat.Builder(this, "player")
            .setContentTitle("Now playing")
            .setContentText(text)
            .setSmallIcon(R.drawable.ic_play)
            .setContentIntent(pi)
            .addAction(R.drawable.ic_pause, "Pause", pendingActionIntent("PAUSE"))
            .setOngoing(true)
            .build()
    }

    private fun pendingActionIntent(action: String): PendingIntent {
        val i = Intent(this, PlayerService::class.java).setAction(action)
        return PendingIntent.getService(this, action.hashCode(), i, PendingIntent.FLAG_IMMUTABLE)
    }
}
```

### 시작
```kotlin
val i = Intent(context, PlayerService::class.java).setAction("PLAY")
ContextCompat.startForegroundService(context, i)
```

⚠️ Android 12+: `startForegroundService` 후 5초 안에 `startForeground()` 호출 안 하면 ANR.

### 권한 요청 (notification, 13+)
```kotlin
if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= 33) {
    if (ContextCompat.checkSelfPermission(this, Manifest.permission.POST_NOTIFICATIONS) 
        != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
        ActivityCompat.requestPermissions(this, arrayOf(Manifest.permission.POST_NOTIFICATIONS), 1)
    }
}
```

### Type 별 권한 (14+)
```
mediaPlayback     → FOREGROUND_SERVICE_MEDIA_PLAYBACK
location          → FOREGROUND_SERVICE_LOCATION + ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION
camera            → FOREGROUND_SERVICE_CAMERA + CAMERA
microphone        → FOREGROUND_SERVICE_MICROPHONE + RECORD_AUDIO
dataSync          → FOREGROUND_SERVICE_DATA_SYNC (제약 강 — 6h/day 한도)
mediaProjection   → FOREGROUND_SERVICE_MEDIA_PROJECTION
phoneCall         → FOREGROUND_SERVICE_PHONE_CALL
health            → FOREGROUND_SERVICE_HEALTH (운동 등)
```

### dataSync 6시간 제한
```
14+ : dataSync FGS 는 24시간 동안 6시간 한도.
초과 시 자동 stop.
대안: WorkManager + JobScheduler 짧은 작업으로 분할.
```

### 동기 stop
```kotlin
stopForeground(STOP_FOREGROUND_REMOVE)
stopSelf()
```

### Compose 시작 / 중지 controls
```kotlin
@Composable
fun PlayerControls() {
    val ctx = LocalContext.current
    Row {
        Button(onClick = {
            ContextCompat.startForegroundService(ctx, Intent(ctx, PlayerService::class.java).setAction("PLAY"))
        }) { Text("Play") }
        Button(onClick = {
            ctx.startService(Intent(ctx, PlayerService::class.java).setAction("STOP"))
        }) { Text("Stop") }
    }
}
```

## 🤔 의사결정 기준
| 작업 | 도구 |
|---|---|
| 미디어 재생 | FGS mediaPlayback + MediaSession |
| 운동 추적 | FGS health |
| 짧은 sync (<10분) | WorkManager |
| 정기 sync (15분+) | PeriodicWorkRequest |
| 즉시 + 짧음 | OneTimeWorkRequest |
| 위치 추적 | FGS location |
| 화면 녹화 | FGS mediaProjection |

## ❌ 안티패턴
- **FGS 로 데이터 sync 6시간 초과**: stop. WorkManager 으로.
- **5초 안 startForeground 누락**: ANR + crash.
- **Type 명시 누락 (14+)**: SecurityException.
- **Notification importance 높음**: 알람음 매번. LOW 디폴트.
- **사용자가 모르는 작업**: FGS 가 아닌 Worker.
- **Permission 없이 mic / camera FGS**: SecurityException.
- **stopSelf 안 함**: 영원 — 배터리 / 메모리.

## 🤖 LLM 활용 힌트
- Type + 권한 (14+) 필수.
- 5초 안 startForeground.
- WorkManager 가 가능하면 그게 우선.

## 🔗 관련 문서
- [[Android_WorkManager_Patterns]]
- [[Android_Lifecycle_Aware_Components]]
- [[Native_Battery_Network_Profiling]]
