---
id: wiki-2026-0508-modern-website-architecture
title: Modern Website Architecture
category: 10_Wiki/Topics
status: verified
canonical_id: self
aliases: [Web Architecture 2026, RSC Architecture, Islands Architecture]
duplicate_of: none
source_trust_level: A
confidence_score: 0.9
verification_status: applied
tags: [web, architecture, rsc, astro, nextjs, edge]
raw_sources: []
last_reinforced: 2026-05-10
github_commit: pending
tech_stack:
  language: typescript
  framework: nextjs-astro
---

# Modern Website Architecture

## 매 한 줄
> **"매 page = static shell + streamed server components + minimal islands"**. 2020 SPA → 2024 SSR → 2026 RSC + edge 의 진화. Next.js 16 / Astro 5 / Remix 의 매 default = server-first, JS 의 ship 매 minimum.

## 매 핵심

### 매 layer
- **Edge runtime**: 매 request 의 region-local. Vercel/Cloudflare Workers, sub-50ms.
- **Server components**: 매 default render = server. Zero JS 의 ship.
- **Client islands**: 매 interactivity 의 hydrate 만.
- **CDN**: 매 static asset + ISR cache.

### 매 trade-off
- **SSG**: 매 build-time, fastest, stale data.
- **SSR**: 매 request-time, fresh, slower TTFB.
- **ISR**: 매 hybrid — stale-while-revalidate.
- **CSR**: 매 SPA, JS-heavy, slow first paint.

### 매 응용
1. Marketing site: SSG + Astro islands.
2. Dashboard: RSC + streaming + Suspense.
3. E-commerce: ISR + edge personalization.

## 💻 패턴

### Next.js 16 RSC
```tsx
// app/products/[id]/page.tsx — server component (default)
import { db } from "@/lib/db";
import { AddToCart } from "./add-to-cart"; // client island

export default async function Page({ params }: { params: { id: string } }) {
  const product = await db.product.findUnique({ where: { id: params.id } });
  if (!product) return <NotFound />;
  return (
    <article>
      <h1>{product.name}</h1>
      <p>{product.description}</p>
      <AddToCart productId={product.id} />
    </article>
  );
}
```

### Client island
```tsx
// app/products/[id]/add-to-cart.tsx
"use client";
import { useState } from "react";

export function AddToCart({ productId }: { productId: string }) {
  const [pending, setPending] = useState(false);
  return (
    <button
      disabled={pending}
      onClick={async () => {
        setPending(true);
        await fetch("/api/cart", { method: "POST", body: JSON.stringify({ productId }) });
        setPending(false);
      }}
    >Add</button>
  );
}
```

### Streaming with Suspense
```tsx
import { Suspense } from "react";

export default function Page() {
  return (
    <>
      <Header />
      <Suspense fallback={<Skeleton />}>
        <SlowProductList /> {/* awaits DB */}
      </Suspense>
      <Suspense fallback={<Skeleton />}>
        <SlowReviews />
      </Suspense>
    </>
  );
}
```

### Astro islands
```astro
---
// src/pages/index.astro
import Counter from "../components/Counter.svelte";
const products = await fetch("https://api.shop/products").then(r => r.json());
---
<html>
  <body>
    {products.map(p => <article>{p.name}</article>)}
    <Counter client:visible />
  </body>
</html>
```

### Edge middleware (Vercel)
```typescript
// middleware.ts
import { NextResponse } from "next/server";
import { geolocation } from "@vercel/functions";

export function middleware(req: Request) {
  const { country } = geolocation(req);
  const res = NextResponse.next();
  res.cookies.set("country", country ?? "US");
  return res;
}

export const config = { matcher: "/((?!_next).*)" };
```

### ISR + tag revalidation
```tsx
// fetch with cache tags
const data = await fetch("https://api.shop/products", {
  next: { revalidate: 3600, tags: ["products"] },
});

// trigger revalidation on update
import { revalidateTag } from "next/cache";
revalidateTag("products");
```

### Server actions
```tsx
// app/contact/page.tsx
export default function Page() {
  async function submit(form: FormData) {
    "use server";
    await db.message.create({ data: { body: form.get("body") as string } });
  }
  return (
    <form action={submit}>
      <textarea name="body" />
      <button>Send</button>
    </form>
  );
}
```

### View transitions
```tsx
"use client";
import { unstable_ViewTransition as ViewTransition } from "react";

<ViewTransition><ProductCard /></ViewTransition>
```

## 매 결정 기준
| 상황 | Approach |
|---|---|
| Content site (blog, docs) | Astro SSG + minimal islands |
| App with auth | Next.js RSC + server actions |
| Personalized e-commerce | Next.js ISR + edge middleware |
| Realtime dashboard | RSC + Suspense streaming + SSE |

**기본값**: Next.js 16 RSC for apps, Astro 5 for content.

## 🔗 Graph
- 부모: [[Web-Architecture]] · [[프론트엔드 및 UIUX 표준|Frontend-Architecture]]
- 변형: [[Single-Page-Application]] · [[MPA]]
- 응용: [[Next-js-and-Modern-Web]] · [[Edge Computing|Edge-Computing]]
- Adjacent: [[CDN]] · [[Server Components]] · [[Hydration]]

## 🤖 LLM 활용
**언제**: 매 server vs client component 의 split-suggest, Suspense boundary 의 propose, cache strategy 의 review.
**언제 X**: 매 design system, brand identity, accessibility audit (manual + tooling).

## ❌ 안티패턴
- **Everything client**: 매 100KB JS 의 marketing page = 매 LCP regression.
- **No streaming**: 매 await 의 block, blank screen 5s.
- **Cache everywhere**: 매 personalized data 의 stale = 매 wrong-user bug.
- **Edge for DB-heavy**: 매 cold start + DB latency = slower than serverful.

## 🧪 검증 / 중복
- Verified (Next.js 16 docs, Astro 5 docs, Vercel architecture guides 2026).
- 신뢰도 A.

## 🕓 Changelog
| 날짜 | 변경 |
|---|---|
| 2026-05-08 | Phase 1 |
| 2026-05-10 | Manual cleanup — RSC + islands + edge web architecture |
