---
id: wiki-2026-0508-acl-prevention
title: ACL Prevention
category: 10_Wiki/Topics
status: verified
canonical_id: self
aliases: [P-Reinforce-HEALTH-001, ACL Injury Prevention]
duplicate_of: none
source_trust_level: A
confidence_score: 0.9
verification_status: applied
tags: [security, devops, health, biomechanics]
raw_sources: []
last_reinforced: 2026-05-10
github_commit: pending
tech_stack:
  language: python
  framework: pandas
---

# ACL Prevention

## 매 한 줄
> **"매 ACL 부상 prevention 의 핵심 = neuromuscular training + landing mechanics + proprioception."**. ACL (Anterior Cruciate Ligament) tear 의 70% 는 non-contact pivoting/landing 상황에서 발생하며, FIFA 11+, PEP, KIPP 같은 evidence-based program 이 incidence 를 50-70% 감소시킨다.

## 매 핵심

### 매 Risk Factor
- **Modifiable**: knee valgus on landing, weak hip abductors, quad-dominant deceleration, fatigue.
- **Non-modifiable**: female sex (2-8x risk), narrow intercondylar notch, generalized joint laxity.
- **Environmental**: cleat-surface interaction, fatigue late in match, prior injury history.

### 매 Prevention Pillar
- **Neuromuscular training** — plyometric + balance + strength, 2-3x/week.
- **Landing mechanics** — soft landing, knee over toe, hip-dominant.
- **Core/hip strength** — gluteus medius, hip external rotators.
- **Proprioception** — single-leg balance, perturbation training.

### 매 응용
1. Youth soccer FIFA 11+ warmup (15 min pre-training).
2. Female collegiate athletes PEP program.
3. Post-ACLR return-to-sport batteries.

## 💻 패턴

### Risk Score Aggregator
```python
import pandas as pd

def acl_risk_score(athlete: dict) -> float:
    """0-1 risk; >0.6 → enroll in prevention program."""
    score = 0.0
    if athlete["sex"] == "F": score += 0.25
    if athlete["prior_acl"]: score += 0.30
    if athlete["knee_valgus_deg"] > 8: score += 0.20
    if athlete["hop_lsi"] < 0.85: score += 0.15  # limb symmetry
    if athlete["age"] < 18: score += 0.10
    return min(score, 1.0)
```

### Drop Vertical Jump (DVJ) Analyzer
```python
import numpy as np

def knee_abduction_moment(forces, lever_arms):
    """Hewett 2005 — KAM > 25.3 Nm predicts ACL injury."""
    return np.dot(forces, lever_arms)

def classify_landing(kam_nm: float) -> str:
    if kam_nm > 25.3: return "high-risk"
    if kam_nm > 15.0: return "moderate"
    return "low-risk"
```

### FIFA 11+ Session Builder
```python
FIFA_11_PLUS = {
    "part1_running": ["straight ahead", "hip out", "hip in", "circling partner"],
    "part2_strength": ["bench", "sideways bench", "hamstrings", "single-leg stance"],
    "part3_running": ["across pitch", "bounding", "plant-and-cut"],
}

def build_session(level: int = 1) -> list[str]:
    drills = []
    for part, items in FIFA_11_PLUS.items():
        drills.extend(items if level >= 2 else items[:2])
    return drills
```

### Hop Test Battery
```python
def hop_lsi(injured: float, uninjured: float) -> float:
    """Limb Symmetry Index — RTS threshold ≥ 0.90."""
    return injured / uninjured

def cleared_for_rts(single_hop, triple_hop, crossover) -> bool:
    return all(lsi >= 0.90 for lsi in (single_hop, triple_hop, crossover))
```

### Cohort Tracking with Pandas
```python
import pandas as pd

def season_incidence(df: pd.DataFrame) -> pd.Series:
    """ACL injuries per 1000 athlete-exposures."""
    return df.groupby("team")["acl_injury"].sum() / df.groupby("team")["ae"].sum() * 1000
```

### Fatigue Monitor
```python
def fatigue_flag(rpe: int, srpe_load: int, acwr: float) -> bool:
    """Acute:chronic workload ratio > 1.5 → injury risk spike."""
    return rpe >= 8 or acwr > 1.5
```

## 매 결정 기준
| 상황 | Approach |
|---|---|
| Youth team, no history | FIFA 11+ |
| Female collegiate | PEP / KIPP |
| Post-ACLR | Criterion-based RTS battery |
| Pro athlete in-season | Modified neuromuscular maintenance |

**기본값**: FIFA 11+ 2-3x/week.

## 🔗 Graph

## 🤖 LLM 활용
**언제**: structured risk-stratification, program selection, periodization advice.
**언제 X**: clinical diagnosis, surgical decision, individualized rehab prescription.

## ❌ 안티패턴
- **Static stretching only**: 매 효과 없음. Dynamic warmup 필요.
- **Knee-only focus**: hip/core ignore 시 valgus 재발.
- **Volume without quality**: poor landing form 의 reps 는 risk 증가.
- **Generic program**: sex/age/sport-specific tailoring 없으면 effect size 감소.

## 🧪 검증 / 중복
- Verified (Hewett 2005, Sadoghi 2012 meta-analysis, FIFA 11+ RCT).
- 신뢰도 A.

## 🕓 Changelog
| 날짜 | 변경 |
|---|---|
| 2026-05-08 | Phase 1 |
| 2026-05-10 | Manual cleanup — full content with risk scoring + FIFA 11+ patterns |
