---
id: wiki-2026-0508-autonomous-polling-wait
title: Autonomous Polling & Wait Automation
category: 10_Wiki/Topics
status: verified
canonical_id: self
aliases: [폴링 자동화, async wait, agent loop, state polling, webhook fallback, hybrid wait]
duplicate_of: none
source_trust_level: B
confidence_score: 0.85
verification_status: applied
tags: [agent, polling, async, automation, notebooklm, research-loop, state-machine, retry, exponential-backoff]
raw_sources: []
last_reinforced: 2026-05-10
github_commit: pending
tech_stack:
  language: TypeScript / Python
  framework: Async/Await / Promise
---

# Autonomous Polling & Wait Automation

## 📌 한 줄 통찰
> **"매 sleeping researcher"**. 매 long-running task (3-10 분) 의 완료 의 agent 가 자동 감지 + 매 next step 으로 transition. 매 manual button click 의 X. 매 10초 polling + 매 webhook fallback + 매 timeout 의 hybrid.

## 📖 핵심

### 매 polling pattern
- 매 short interval (1-30 sec) 의 state check.
- 매 max attempts / timeout.
- 매 simple, 매 stateless.

### 매 vs webhook
| 측면 | Polling | Webhook |
|---|---|---|
| Setup | Simple | Complex (public URL) |
| Latency | Polling interval | Near-zero |
| Server load | High (N polls) | Low (1 call) |
| Reliability | Self-managed | Webhook 의 lost OK |
| Use case | Behind firewall | Public service |

→ 매 hybrid 의 best.

### 매 polling strategies

#### Fixed interval
- 매 simple.
- 매 short job 의 OK.

#### Exponential backoff
- 매 wait = base × 2^n.
- 매 server-friendly.

#### Adaptive
- 매 ETA estimate.
- 매 progress-based.

#### Long polling
- 매 server 의 hold connection.
- 매 latency ↓.

### 매 long-running 의 pattern
1. **Submit job** → 매 job_id.
2. **Poll status** until complete.
3. **Retrieve result** when ready.
4. **Webhook** as fallback (optional).
5. **Timeout + manual fallback**.

### 매 NotebookLM Deep Research case
- 매 average 3-10 min.
- 매 10 sec polling × 60 = 매 max 10 min.
- 매 status: "queued" → "running" → "completed" / "error".
- 매 completed → 매 result fetch.

### 매 design 의 challenge
1. **Quota**: 매 too frequent → 매 API rate limit.
2. **Stale state**: 매 status 의 update 의 lag.
3. **Network failure**: 매 retry 의 idempotent.
4. **Timeout**: 매 server-side retry 의 inflight.
5. **Resource leak**: 매 polling 의 stop 보장.

### 매 best practice
- **Initial delay**: 매 즉시 poll X.
- **Exponential + cap**: 매 max interval.
- **Jitter**: 매 thundering herd 방지.
- **Cancellation**: 매 abort signal.
- **Observability**: 매 attempt count log.
- **Idempotency**: 매 result fetch 의 retry-safe.

## 💻 패턴

### Basic polling (TS)
```ts
async function pollUntilDone<T>(
  fetchStatus: () => Promise<{ done: boolean; result?: T }>,
  options: { intervalMs?: number; maxAttempts?: number; timeoutMs?: number } = {},
): Promise<T> {
  const { intervalMs = 10_000, maxAttempts = 60, timeoutMs = 600_000 } = options;
  const start = Date.now();
  
  for (let i = 0; i < maxAttempts; i++) {
    if (Date.now() - start > timeoutMs) throw new Error('Timeout');
    
    const status = await fetchStatus();
    if (status.done) return status.result!;
    
    await new Promise(r => setTimeout(r, intervalMs));
  }
  throw new Error('Max attempts exceeded');
}
```

### Exponential backoff with jitter
```ts
async function pollWithBackoff<T>(
  fetchStatus: () => Promise<{ done: boolean; result?: T }>,
  options: { baseMs?: number; maxMs?: number; maxAttempts?: number } = {},
): Promise<T> {
  const { baseMs = 1000, maxMs = 30_000, maxAttempts = 30 } = options;
  
  for (let i = 0; i < maxAttempts; i++) {
    const status = await fetchStatus();
    if (status.done) return status.result!;
    
    const delay = Math.min(maxMs, baseMs * 2 ** i);
    const jittered = delay * (0.5 + Math.random() * 0.5);
    await new Promise(r => setTimeout(r, jittered));
  }
  throw new Error('Max attempts');
}
```

### Hybrid (poll + webhook)
```ts
async function awaitJobHybrid(jobId: string, webhookUrl?: string): Promise<Result> {
  // 매 webhook 의 우선 setup
  const webhookPromise = webhookUrl 
    ? listenForWebhook(jobId, webhookUrl, { timeoutMs: 600_000 })
    : null;
  
  // 매 polling 의 fallback
  const pollingPromise = pollUntilDone(
    () => api.getJobStatus(jobId),
    { intervalMs: 10_000, timeoutMs: 600_000 },
  );
  
  // 매 둘 다 race
  return Promise.race([webhookPromise, pollingPromise].filter(Boolean));
}
```

### Cancellation (AbortController)
```ts
async function pollCancellable<T>(
  fetchStatus: (signal: AbortSignal) => Promise<{ done: boolean; result?: T }>,
  signal: AbortSignal,
): Promise<T> {
  while (!signal.aborted) {
    const status = await fetchStatus(signal);
    if (status.done) return status.result!;
    await sleep(10_000, signal);
  }
  throw new DOMException('Cancelled', 'AbortError');
}

function sleep(ms: number, signal: AbortSignal): Promise<void> {
  return new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
    const t = setTimeout(resolve, ms);
    signal.addEventListener('abort', () => {
      clearTimeout(t);
      reject(new DOMException('Cancelled', 'AbortError'));
    });
  });
}
```

### Webhook handler (FastAPI)
```python
from fastapi import FastAPI, BackgroundTasks
import asyncio

pending: dict[str, asyncio.Future] = {}

@app.post('/webhooks/job-done')
async def job_done(payload: dict):
    job_id = payload['id']
    if job_id in pending:
        pending[job_id].set_result(payload)
    return {'ok': True}

async def wait_for_webhook(job_id: str, timeout: float = 600):
    future = asyncio.Future()
    pending[job_id] = future
    try:
        return await asyncio.wait_for(future, timeout=timeout)
    finally:
        pending.pop(job_id, None)
```

### Idempotent result fetch
```python
def fetch_result_idempotent(job_id, max_retries=3):
    for attempt in range(max_retries):
        try:
            response = api.get_result(job_id)
            return response.data
        except TransientError as e:
            if attempt == max_retries - 1: raise
            sleep(2 ** attempt)
        except PermanentError:
            raise
```

### Progress-aware polling
```python
def poll_progress(job_id):
    last_progress = 0
    while True:
        status = api.get_status(job_id)
        if status.done: return status.result
        
        if status.progress > last_progress:
            log(f'Job {job_id}: {status.progress*100:.1f}%')
            last_progress = status.progress
        
        # 매 ETA 기반 의 dynamic
        remaining_eta = (1 - status.progress) * status.elapsed / max(status.progress, 0.01)
        next_poll = min(30, max(2, remaining_eta / 5))
        sleep(next_poll)
```

## 🤔 결정 기준
| 상황 | Pattern |
|---|---|
| Fast (1-30 sec) | Fixed 1-2 sec polling |
| Medium (1-10 min) | 5-10 sec polling |
| Long (10 min-hour) | Hybrid (webhook + polling) |
| Variable | Exponential backoff |
| Cancellable | AbortController |
| Resource-constrained | Webhook only |
| Behind firewall | Polling only |

**기본값**: Hybrid (webhook + 10 sec polling) + jitter + cancellation.

## 🔗 Graph
- 부모: [[Async-Programming]] · [[API-Design]]
- 변형: [[Server-Sent-Events]] · [[Exponential-Backoff]]
- 응용: [[NotebookLM]] · [[Agent-Loop]]
- Adjacent: [[Circuit-Breaker]] · [[AbortController]]

## 🤖 LLM 활용
**언제**: 매 long-running job. 매 agent automation. 매 third-party API integration. 매 batch inference orchestration.
**언제 X**: 매 streaming (SSE 가 better). 매 sub-second job.

## ❌ 안티패턴
- **No timeout**: 매 무한 hang.
- **No jitter**: 매 thundering herd.
- **Too short interval**: 매 quota burn.
- **No cancel**: 매 resource leak.
- **No idempotent fetch**: 매 retry 의 corruption.
- **Webhook only (firewall)**: 매 silent loss.
- **Tight retry on permanent error**: 매 useless burn.

## 🧪 검증 / 중복
- Verified (AWS / Stripe / Replicate / GitHub API patterns).
- 신뢰도 B.
- Related: [[Webhook-Pattern]] · [[Async-Job-Queue]] · [[Retry-with-Backoff]] · [[Agent-Loop]].

## 🕓 Changelog
| 날짜 | 변경 |
|---|---|
| 2026-05-08 | Phase 1 |
| 2026-05-10 | Manual cleanup — polling pattern + webhook + 매 TS / Python code (basic, backoff, hybrid, cancellation) |
