---
id: devops-argo-rollouts
title: Argo Rollouts — Canary / Blue-Green deploy
category: Coding
status: draft
source_trust_level: B
verification_status: conceptual
created_at: 2026-05-09
updated_at: 2026-05-09
tags: [devops, deployment, vibe-coding]
tech_stack: { language: "YAML", applicable_to: ["DevOps"] }
applied_in: []
aliases: [Argo Rollouts, canary, blue-green, progressive delivery, Flagger, AnalysisRun]
---

# Argo Rollouts

> K8s Deployment 가 rolling 만 — 정밀 control X. **Argo Rollouts: canary / blue-green / experiment**. Auto rollback (metric 기반).

## 📖 핵심 개념
- Canary: 1% → 10% → 100%.
- Blue-green: 두 version, 한 번에 swap.
- Analysis: Prometheus / Datadog metric 기반 promote / abort.
- Service mesh + Argo = traffic shifting.

## 💻 코드 패턴

### Rollout (Deployment 대신)
```yaml
apiVersion: argoproj.io/v1alpha1
kind: Rollout
metadata:
  name: my-app
spec:
  replicas: 5
  strategy:
    canary:
      steps:
        - setWeight: 20
        - pause: { duration: 5m }
        - setWeight: 50
        - pause: { duration: 10m }
        - setWeight: 100
  template:
    spec:
      containers:
        - name: app
          image: myapp:v2
```

→ kubectl 가 자동 promote / rollback.

### Manual promote
```bash
kubectl argo rollouts get rollout my-app
# → Visual progress

kubectl argo rollouts promote my-app
kubectl argo rollouts abort my-app
```

### Pause + manual
```yaml
strategy:
  canary:
    steps:
      - setWeight: 10
      - pause: {}    # 무한 — manual promote 까지
      - setWeight: 100
```

→ Production 첫 deploy = manual approve.

### Blue-green
```yaml
strategy:
  blueGreen:
    activeService: my-app-active
    previewService: my-app-preview
    autoPromotionEnabled: false
```

```
1. New ReplicaSet 만 (preview).
2. preview service 가 새 version.
3. Test / verify.
4. Promote = active service 가 새 version.
5. 옛 version 가 idle (rollback 가능).
```

### Analysis (Prometheus)
```yaml
apiVersion: argoproj.io/v1alpha1
kind: AnalysisTemplate
metadata:
  name: success-rate
spec:
  args:
    - name: service-name
  metrics:
    - name: success-rate
      interval: 1m
      successCondition: result[0] >= 0.95
      failureLimit: 3
      provider:
        prometheus:
          address: http://prometheus.example.com
          query: |
            sum(rate(http_requests_total{service="{{args.service-name}}",status=~"2.."}[5m]))
            /
            sum(rate(http_requests_total{service="{{args.service-name}}"}[5m]))
```

```yaml
spec:
  strategy:
    canary:
      steps:
        - setWeight: 20
        - pause: { duration: 1m }
        - analysis:
            templates:
              - templateName: success-rate
            args:
              - name: service-name
                value: my-app
        - setWeight: 50
```

→ Success rate < 95% = abort (rollback).

### Traffic management (Istio)
```yaml
strategy:
  canary:
    canaryService: my-app-canary
    stableService: my-app-stable
    trafficRouting:
      istio:
        virtualServices:
          - name: my-app-vsvc
        destinationRule:
          name: my-app-destrule
          canarySubsetName: canary
          stableSubsetName: stable
    steps:
      - setWeight: 5
      - pause: { duration: 10m }
      - setWeight: 25
```

→ Istio 가 weighted routing.

### Header-based routing
```yaml
steps:
  - setHeaderRoute:
      name: beta-route
      match:
        - headerName: X-Canary
          headerValue:
            exact: "true"
  - pause: {}   # beta 사용자 만 v2
  - setWeight: 50
```

→ "Beta" header 가진 user 만 canary.

### NGINX / ALB ingress
```yaml
trafficRouting:
  nginx:
    stableIngress: my-app-stable-ingress
    annotationPrefix: nginx.ingress.kubernetes.io
```

→ Service mesh 없이도.

### Experiment (long-running A/B)
```yaml
apiVersion: argoproj.io/v1alpha1
kind: Experiment
metadata:
  name: my-experiment
spec:
  duration: 1h
  templates:
    - name: baseline
      replicas: 1
      template: ...
    - name: canary
      replicas: 1
      template: ...
  analyses:
    - name: success-rate
      templateName: success-rate
```

→ 1 시간 실행, metric 비교.

### Flagger (alternative)
```yaml
apiVersion: flagger.app/v1beta1
kind: Canary
metadata:
  name: my-app
spec:
  targetRef:
    apiVersion: apps/v1
    kind: Deployment
    name: my-app
  analysis:
    interval: 1m
    threshold: 5
    iterations: 10
    metrics:
      - name: request-success-rate
        thresholdRange: { min: 99 }
```

→ Flux / Helm 친화. Argo Rollouts 와 비슷.

### Rollback
```bash
kubectl argo rollouts undo my-app

# 또는 spec 의 image 옛 version 으로 revert
```

→ 이전 ReplicaSet 가 active.

### Auto-rollback (metric)
```yaml
spec:
  strategy:
    canary:
      steps:
        - setWeight: 10
        - analysis: { templates: [{templateName: error-rate}] }
        # error-rate fail = automatic rollback
```

→ 사람 없이 도 안전.

### Multiple analysis
```yaml
analysis:
  templates:
    - templateName: success-rate
    - templateName: latency-p99
    - templateName: error-rate
```

→ 모두 pass = promote.

### Web push (alarm)
```yaml
metrics:
  - name: success-rate
    successCondition: result[0] >= 0.95
    failureCondition: result[0] < 0.9
    failureLimit: 3
    inconclusiveLimit: 5    # rate 가 metric 모름 = inconclusive
```

→ 명시적 fail / inconclusive.

### Web hook (외부 system)
```yaml
metrics:
  - name: web-test
    provider:
      web:
        url: https://my-api.example.com/health
        jsonPath: '{$.status}'
        method: GET
    successCondition: result == "healthy"
```

### Notification (Slack)
```yaml
apiVersion: argoproj.io/v1alpha1
kind: Rollout
spec:
  ...
  notifications:
    onAbort:
      - slack
    onSuccess:
      - slack
```

→ Promote / abort 시 Slack 알림.

### GitOps (ArgoCD + Argo Rollouts)
```
1. Push new image tag to git.
2. ArgoCD sync = Rollout spec update.
3. Rollout 가 canary 시작.
4. Metric pass = promote.
5. Fail = auto rollback (git revert 안 함, K8s level).
```

→ 매 deploy 가 progressive.

### Cost / overhead
```
- 매 canary 가 추가 replica (50% extra during rollout)
- Metric query 가 cluster cost
- Engineering 시간

→ 매 deploy 가 큰 risk = 가치.
```

### Real-world
- **Intuit** (Argo 의 owner)
- **Adobe**: 큰 Argo 사용
- **GitHub**: 비슷한 internal
- **Spotify**: Flagger
- **모든 SaaS**: progressive delivery 어떻든

### When NOT?
```
- 작은 internal tool: rolling deploy 충분.
- Stateful: blue-green 어려움 (DB).
- Cron / batch job: canary 의미 X.

→ Critical path API / web 가 sweet spot.
```

### Stateful 의 함정
```
DB schema 변경:
- v1 + v2 가 동시 = schema 가 둘 다 호환.
- Backward compatible migration 필수.

→ "expand-contract":
  1. 새 column 추가 (v1 OK).
  2. v2 가 새 column 사용.
  3. v1 retire.
  4. 옛 column 삭제.
```

### Header-based testing
```
QA team 가 header 추가 → canary 만 사용.
"X-Canary: true" → v2 만 받음.

→ Production traffic 0% 의 진짜 canary.
```

### LaunchDarkly + Argo
```
Feature flag (LD) + 점진 rollout (Argo).
- Argo: 새 version 의 traffic %.
- LD: 새 feature 의 user %.

→ 둘 다 layer.
```

## 🤔 의사결정 기준
| 상황 | 추천 |
|---|---|
| 큰 traffic | Canary + analysis |
| Critical | Blue-green |
| Beta / A/B | Experiment |
| GitOps | ArgoCD + Rollouts |
| Flux | Flagger |
| Service mesh 있음 | Istio + Argo |
| 작은 system | Helm rolling |

## ❌ 안티패턴
- **Auto-promote 만 + analysis 없음**: 위험.
- **첫 deploy 가 100%**: pause + manual.
- **DB schema breaking + canary**: data 깨짐.
- **Metric query 가 too narrow**: false signal.
- **Manual promote 만**: 사람 없이 안 됨.
- **Rollback test 없음**: 진짜 안 됨.
- **Resource limit 없음**: canary 가 cluster 죽임.

## 🤖 LLM 활용 힌트
- Canary + metric analysis 가 modern progressive.
- Blue-green 가 stateful 가 어려움.
- ArgoCD + Argo Rollouts 가 GitOps + delivery.
- Flagger 가 alternative.

## 🔗 관련 문서
- [[DevOps_Deployment_Strategies]]
- [[DevOps_ArgoCD_GitOps]]
- [[DevOps_Service_Mesh_Deep]]
