---
id: wiki-2026-0508-software-maintenance
title: Software Maintenance
category: 10_Wiki/Topics
status: verified
canonical_id: self
aliases: [SW Maintenance, Software Sustainment]
duplicate_of: none
source_trust_level: A
confidence_score: 0.9
verification_status: applied
tags: [maintenance, refactoring, lifecycle, ai-augmented]
raw_sources: []
last_reinforced: 2026-05-10
github_commit: pending
tech_stack:
  language: multi
  framework: ide/ci/ai-tools
---

# Software Maintenance

## 매 한 줄
> **"매 software maintenance 의 corrective + adaptive + perfective + preventive 의 4 categories (ISO/IEC 14764)"**. 매 lifecycle cost 의 60-80% 의 maintenance — 매 dev 의 minority 의 only feature 의 build. 매 2026 의 game-changer 의 AI-aided refactor / debug (Claude Opus 4.7, Cursor, Sourcegraph Cody) + automated dep update (Renovate / Dependabot).

## 매 핵심

### 매 4 categories (ISO/IEC 14764)
- **Corrective**: 매 bug fix — 매 reactive.
- **Adaptive**: 매 환경 변화 (OS, runtime, API breaking change).
- **Perfective**: 매 performance / readability / structure 의 improve.
- **Preventive**: 매 future fault 의 anticipate (refactor, test, doc).

### 매 Maintenance 의 challenges
- **Knowledge erosion**: 매 original author 의 leave → 매 dark code.
- **Dep rot**: 매 transitive CVE / EOL.
- **Code rot**: 매 entropy 의 increase.
- **Test fragility**: 매 flaky 의 trust 의 erode.

### 매 Modern (2026) techniques
- **AI refactor / explain**: Claude / Cursor 의 large diff 의 understand.
- **Automated dep**: Renovate, Dependabot — 매 PR 의 auto + test 의 auto-merge.
- **Continuous profiling**: pprof / Pyroscope / Parca 의 perf regression.
- **Code archaeology**: git-blame + AI 의 historical context.
- **Automated migration**: codemod (jscodeshift, Bowler), Ruff fix, OpenRewrite (Java).

### 매 응용
1. CVE patching pipeline.
2. Major version migration (Python 3.11 → 3.13, React 18 → 19).
3. Dead-code / dep prune.
4. Test backfill (untested legacy).

## 💻 패턴

### Renovate config (auto dep update)
```json
{
  "$schema": "https://docs.renovatebot.com/renovate-schema.json",
  "extends": ["config:recommended", ":dependencyDashboard"],
  "schedule": ["before 6am on Monday"],
  "automerge": true,
  "automergeType": "pr",
  "packageRules": [
    { "matchUpdateTypes": ["major"], "automerge": false },
    { "matchPackagePatterns": ["^@types/"], "automerge": true, "groupName": "types" }
  ],
  "vulnerabilityAlerts": { "labels": ["security"], "automerge": false }
}
```

### AI-assisted refactor (Claude Code)
```bash
# 매 large legacy file 의 refactor — 매 small steps + tests
claude refactor src/legacy.py \
  --strategy "extract pure functions, add type hints, preserve behavior" \
  --test "pytest tests/test_legacy.py"
```

### Codemod (jscodeshift, callback → async)
```javascript
// transform.js
module.exports = function(file, api) {
  const j = api.jscodeshift;
  return j(file.source)
    .find(j.CallExpression, { callee: { name: "fs.readFile" } })
    .replaceWith(p => {
      const [path, cb] = p.node.arguments;
      return j.awaitExpression(
        j.callExpression(j.memberExpression(j.identifier("fs"), j.identifier("promises.readFile")), [path])
      );
    })
    .toSource();
};
// jscodeshift -t transform.js src/
```

### OpenRewrite recipe (Java migration)
```yaml
# rewrite.yml
type: specs.openrewrite.org/v1beta/recipe
name: com.acme.UpgradeJava21
recipeList:
  - org.openrewrite.java.migrate.UpgradeToJava21
  - org.openrewrite.java.migrate.UpgradeBuildToJava21
  - org.openrewrite.java.format.AutoFormat
```

### Continuous profiling (Pyroscope)
```python
import pyroscope
pyroscope.configure(
    application_name="payment-svc",
    server_address="http://pyroscope:4040",
    tags={"env": "prod", "version": "1.4.2"},
)

# 매 deploy 의 pre / post flame graph 의 diff 의 perf regression 의 catch
```

### CVE patching pipeline
```yaml
# .github/workflows/cve.yml
name: cve-patch
on: { schedule: [{ cron: "0 6 * * 1" }] }
jobs:
  scan:
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
    steps:
      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
      - run: trivy fs --severity HIGH,CRITICAL --exit-code 1 .
      - run: |
          gh issue create --title "CVE scan failures $(date -I)" \
            --body-file trivy-report.txt \
            --label security
```

### Dead-code detection (knip / unimported)
```bash
# 매 JS/TS 의 dead module / export
npx knip
# 매 Python
vulture src/ --min-confidence 80
# 매 Java
jdeps --print-module-deps build/libs/*.jar
```

### Mutation testing (perfective)
```bash
# 매 Python: mutmut, 매 JS: stryker
# 매 test 의 actually catch 의 measure
mutmut run --paths-to-mutate=src/
mutmut html
# 매 score < 70% 의 의 test gap.
```

### AI-explain (legacy code archaeology)
```python
import anthropic
client = anthropic.Anthropic()

def explain(file_path: str):
    src = open(file_path).read()
    blame = subprocess.check_output(["git", "log", "-p", file_path]).decode()[:30000]
    msg = client.messages.create(
        model="claude-opus-4-7",
        max_tokens=2000,
        system="You are a senior engineer explaining legacy code. Cover: purpose, key invariants, hazards, refactor priorities.",
        messages=[{"role": "user", "content": f"FILE:\n{src}\n\nGIT LOG:\n{blame}"}],
    )
    return msg.content[0].text
```

## 매 결정 기준
| 상황 | Action |
|---|---|
| Active CVE | Renovate auto-PR + emergency merge |
| Major version | OpenRewrite / codemod + staged rollout |
| Slow function | Continuous profiling + targeted fix |
| Untested legacy | Characterization tests first, refactor after |
| Dark code | AI-explain + pair with original author log |

**기본값**: Renovate + Trivy + Pyroscope + AI-assist as standard stack.

## 🔗 Graph
- 부모: [[SDLC]]
- 변형: [[Refactoring_Best_Practices|Refactoring]] · [[Technical_Debt|Technical-Debt]]
- Adjacent: [[Renovate]]

## 🤖 LLM 활용
**언제**: legacy explain, refactor proposal, doc generate, codemod 의 draft.
**언제 X**: prod hot-fix without test (always test first), security patch 의 unattended merge.

## ❌ 안티패턴
- **Big-bang refactor**: 매 small steps + green test 의 always.
- **No characterization test**: 매 refactor 의 silent break.
- **Manual dep update**: 매 Renovate / Dependabot 의 always.
- **Hot-fix to main without rollback**: 매 PR + test + tag 의 keep.

## 🧪 검증 / 중복
- Verified (ISO/IEC 14764, Renovate, OpenRewrite, Pyroscope docs).
- 신뢰도 A.

## 🕓 Changelog
| 날짜 | 변경 |
|---|---|
| 2026-05-08 | Phase 1 |
| 2026-05-10 | Manual cleanup — full categories + AI-aided modern stack |
